The SNF1/AMPK/SnRK1 kinases are evolutionary conserved kinases involved in yeast, mammals, and plants in the control of energy balance. These heterotrimeric enzymes are composed of one a-type catalytic subunit and two g-and b-type regulatory subunits. In yeast it has been proposed that the b-type subunits regulate both the localization of the kinase complexes within the cell and the interaction of the kinases with their targets. In this work, we demonstrate that the three b-type subunits of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; AKINb1, AKINb2, and AKINb3) restore the growth phenotype of the yeast sip1Dsip2Dgal83D triple mutant, thus suggesting the conservation of an ancestral function. Expression analyses, using AKINb promoter:: b-glucuronidase transgenic lines, reveal different and specific patterns of expression for each subunit according to organs, developmental stages, and environmental conditions. Finally, our results show that the b-type subunits are involved in the specificity of interaction of the kinase with the cytosolic nitrate reductase. Together with previous cell-free phosphorylation data, they strongly support the proposal that nitrate reductase is a real target of SnRK1 in the physiological context. Altogether our data suggest the conservation of ancestral basic function(s) together with specialized functions for each b-type subunit in plants.