Nascent entrepreneurship and the level of economic development

Wennekers, Sander; Stel, André van; Thurik, Roy; Reynolds, Paul D.

doi:10.1007/s11187-007-9066-x

Cited by 349 publications

(381 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“… In contrast to the often‐established evidence for a U‐shaped relationship between a country's level of income and prevalence of entrepreneurship (Wennekers et al ) we do not find evidence for a non‐linear relationship. Hence, only a linear term of GDP per capita is included.…”

contrasting

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship at the Macro Level

Hoogendoorn

2016

Journal of Small Business Management

130

132

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The present cross-national study aims to explore the factors that are associated with a country's share of social start-ups in the total number of start-ups and contributes to the emerging stream of literature that explores the contextual drivers of different types of entrepreneurship. Based on data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2009, covering 49 countries, we test several theoretical perspectives, including the failure thesis/institutional void perspective, the interdependence theory/institutional support perspective, welfare state theory and supplyside theory. Multiple regression analyses are applied testing the influence of institutional factors and cultural values on the incidence of social entrepreneurial start-ups relative to other types of start-ups. Our results seem to support the institutional support perspective: the share of social start-ups in all start-ups seems to benefit from favorable institutional circumstances, in particular public sector expenditure and regulatory quality. With respect to cultural values, our results suggest that a society's level of self-expression values benefits start-up diversity in favor of a higher share of social start-ups.

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contrasting

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship at the Macro Level

Hoogendoorn

2016

Journal of Small Business Management

130

132

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“…It has also been recommended in recent work examining nascent entrepreneurship around the world. Although emerging economies may enjoy robust levels of new entrepreneurial activity, such activity is often characterized by need (where other work options are either unsatisfactory or nonexistent) and does not contribute substantively to overall economic growth (Wennekers, Stel, Thurik, & Reynolds, 2005). That study also argues that opportunity-based entrepreneurship is positively related to economic development but is unlikely to occur in developing countries.…”

Section: Entrepreneurship and Regional Economic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 86%

Contrasting Entrepreneurial Economic Development in Emerging Latin American Economies: Applications and Extensions of Resource-Based Theory

West

Bamford

Marsden

2008

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice

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Emerging economies face daunting economic development challenges. Economists and management consultants have generally suggested global solutions that typically focus solely on foreign direct investment. Yet a resource-based theory approach offers an alternative view of economic development in which a foundation of resources within a region gestates entrepreneurial activity. While theoretically appealing, it is unclear in application how such resources can be developed or which types of resources are most important to develop. This paper extends the application of resource-based theory to entrepreneurial economic development in subsistence economies. A qualitative study of contrasting entrepreneurial activity in Chiapas (Mexico) and Atenas (Costa Rica) highlights the primacy of intangible resources-and especially entrepreneurial orientation resources-in the gestation of entrepreneurial activity.

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“…For example, several studies (e.g., Havrylyshyn ; Kaufmann et al ; Nyström ) show that good institutions and a high level of economic development and technology advancement are positively related to national rates of entrepreneurship. On the other hand, several other studies demonstrate that these same factors have a negative relationship (e.g., Naude 2009; Wong, Ho, and Autio ), a U‐shaped relationship (Wennekers et al ), or even no relationship at all (Stel, Storey, and Thurik ).…”

Section: Drivers Of Nme and Omementioning

confidence: 98%

Cross-Country Determinants of Early-Stage Necessity and Opportunity-Motivated Entrepreneurship: Accounting for Model Uncertainty

Nikolaev

Boudreaux

Palich

2018

Journal of Small Business Management

121

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Model uncertainty is one of the most pervasive challenges in the social sciences. Cross‐country studies in entrepreneurship have largely ignored this issue. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness of 44 possible determinants of early‐stage opportunity‐motivated entrepreneurship (OME) and necessity‐motivated entrepreneurship (NME) that are broadly classified in four groups: (1) economic variables, (2) formal institutions, (3) cultural values, and (4) legal origins and geography. The results, which are based on a representative world sample of up to 73 countries, suggest that institutional variables associated with the principles of economic freedom are most robustly correlated with OME and NME. Our findings also identify net income inequality and Scandinavian legal origins as weakly robust predictors of both types of entrepreneurial activity. Furthermore, we find that log GDP per capita is only a weakly robust predictor of NME, but not OME. We discuss implications for future research.

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Nascent entrepreneurship and the level of economic development

Cited by 349 publications

References 26 publications

The Prevalence and Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship at the Macro Level

The Prevalence and Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship at the Macro Level

Contrasting Entrepreneurial Economic Development in Emerging Latin American Economies: Applications and Extensions of Resource-Based Theory

Cross-Country Determinants of Early-Stage Necessity and Opportunity-Motivated Entrepreneurship: Accounting for Model Uncertainty

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