Nascent Women Entrepreneurs and the Influence of Social Networks on Small Business Outcomes

Abstract

Nascent entrepreneurs must leverage valuable resources, including human, financial, intellectual, and social capital in order to increase the likelihood of success. With the rise of networking technologies such as LinkedIn, Biznik, Cofoundr, and Facebook, social network analysis, long utilized as a method for organizational analysis, has taken center stage in popular understanding of entrepreneurial success. The composition and quality of social networks, however, varies among male and female entrepreneurs and can have a direct impact upon the business outcomes for each. Using PSED data, this research investigates the gendered differences and structural disparities in the networks of early entrepreneurs.

Women empowerment and entrepreneurial intention: A pathway to achieve sustainable development goal (SDG‐5)

“…Efficient social networking is key to entrepreneurial success (Taormina & Lao, 2007). Upton and Broming (2019) indicated that social networking assists entrepreneurs in achieving their economic activities and growing their business opportunities. Building strong social networks among entrepreneurs is essential because it helps them expand their knowledge, meet partners to start businesses, and find new resources (Higgins & Pinelli, 2020).…”

“…In the planning stage, entrepreneurs seek to access human and financial capital by accessing their largest social networks. In the establishment phase, entrepreneurs concentrate primarily on their business activities and do not rely on their networks (Upton III et al, 2014). Some individuals avoid constraints in their businesses by using informal relations at the beginning of their business.…”

“…Rudhumbu et al (2020) pointed out that female entrepreneurs have limitations in their networks because they tend not to interact with people they do not know or trust. Women tend to get advice through utilising their informal networks, such as their families, female neighbours, and friends, while men tend to get advice in business from their professional networks (Kim & Sherraden, 2014; Upton & Broming, 2019). According to data published by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, men, and women have different social networks.…”

“…According to data published by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, men, and women have different social networks. Women have more women in their networks and fewer male entrepreneurs (Upton & Broming, 2019). Hence, women obtain fewer benefits from their social networks because they are mainly associated with relatives and not business partners (Kim & Sherraden, 2014).…”

Ethanol as a Renewable Building Block for Fuels and Chemicals

“…Today, the direct conversion of ethanol into ethylene is not likely to be an economically interesting process by itself, but it may play an intermediate role in the synthesis of several of the more economically promising products (Figure ) discussed in the following sections. However, we note that Axen’s Atol process targets ethylene (in combination with their Futurol technology for cellulosic ethanol production). , …”