NASICON-type air-stable and all-climate cathode for sodium-ion batteries with low cost and high-power density

Abstract

The development of low-cost and long-lasting all-climate cathode materials for the sodium ion battery has been one of the key issues for the success of large-scale energy storage. One option is the utilization of earth-abundant elements such as iron. Here, we synthesize a NASICON-type tuneable Na 4 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (P 2 O 7 )/C nanocomposite which shows both excellent rate performance and outstanding cycling stability over more than 4400 cycles. Its air stability and all-climate properties are investigated, and its potential as the sodium host in full cells has been studied. A remarkably low volume change of 4.0% is observed. Its high sodium diffusion coefficient has been measured and analysed via first-principles calculations, and its three-dimensional sodium ion diffusion pathways are identified. Our results indicate that this low-cost and environmentally friendly Na 4 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (P 2 O 7 )/C nanocomposite could be a competitive candidate material for sodium ion batteries.

Hierarchical Engineering of Porous P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 Nanofibers Assembled by Nanoparticles Enables Superior Sodium‐Ion Storage Cathodes

“…The blue isosurfaces in Figure 5a describe the optimum Na-ion migration pathways from crystallographic Na1 to Na2 sites, simulated by the bond valence energy landscape (BVEL) method. [19,23,61] This demonstrates that the substitution of partial Mn by Ni could facilitate Na + migration, and the intrinsic 2D framework of P2-Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 could offer facile ionic diffusion channels. Electrode process kinetics: a) Charge-discharge GITT profiles of the P2-Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 nanofiber cathode at 20 mA g −1 and b) the corresponding Na + diffusion coefficients (D Na ).…”

“…[1][2][3][4] However, the pursuit of applicable Na-ion storage electrode materials seems harder than the exploration of their Li-ion counterparts due to the larger size and heavier mass of Na + versus Li + . [7,8] Among the currently proposed cathode candidates, such as transition metal oxides (TMOs), [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] polyanion-type compounds, [18][19][20][21][22][23] Prussian blue analogues, [24,25] and organic salts, [26,27] layered transition metal oxides are particularly intriguing because of their 2D frameworks offering free Na-diffusion channels. [7,8] Among the currently proposed cathode candidates, such as transition metal oxides (TMOs), [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] polyanion-type compounds, [18][19][20][21][22][23] Prussian blue analogues, [24,25] and organic salts, [26,…”

Building High Power Density of Sodium-Ion Batteries: Importance of Multidimensional Diffusion Pathways in Cathode Materials

“…Numerous papers have reported various NASICON-type materials, including both cathodes and anodes for SIB devices (Bui et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2017;Gao et al, 2018;Hu et al, 2018;Wang E. et al, 2018). Recently, we have introduced a new Fe-based polyanionic compound, Na 4 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (P 2 O 7 ), which can be classified as a new NASICON-type material (Chen et al, 2019a). With the help of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as the complexing agent in a sol-gel approach, the FIGURE 2 | (A,B) Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of Na-rich monoclinic phase Na x MnFe(CN) 6 .…”

“…Frontiers in Chemistry | www.frontiersin.org (Chen et al, 2019a) with permission from the Nature Publishing group. (O,P) Two typical 3D sodium diffusion pathways in Na 3 V(PO 3 ) 3 N material and the (Q) corresponding activation barriers.…”

“…SIBs have been widely considered as promising candidates for next-generation low-cost energy storage devices due to the almost unlimited resources of sodium Chen et al, 2019b,c). Due to the large atomic radius of Na (0.97 Å for Na + and only 0.68 Å for Li + ), however, hurdles that hinder the further applications of SIBs are mainly found in their sluggish sodium diffusion kinetics and large volume expansion, which are both critical parameters for revolutionary power density performance that can meet the real needs of power grids and large-scale EESs Chen et al, 2019a). Therefore, it is important to explore novel cathode materials for SIBs with improved Na kinetics.…”