Nasopharyngeal cancer in Saudi Arabia: Epidemiology and possible risk factors

Alotaibi, Abdullah D; Ahmed, Hussain Gadelkarim; Elasbali, Abdelbaset Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.jons.2019.01.002

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with those obtained by West et al (23) that confirms a 2-to 4-fold excess risk of NPC in association with use of traditional herbal medicines through several case control studies. In contrast to other findings, however, no evidence of herbal medicine using links to NPC was detected (1) . Herbal medicine using might be a strong risk factor of NPC through activation EBV in latent EBV infected cell or through a direct promoting effect on EBV-transformed cells (24) .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…These findings are in contrary to some studies that suggested these factors are risk factor for NPC. However, other studies which have suggested that the relationship of NPC to these risk factors are less clear and inconsistent (1,(7)(8)(9) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a human malignancy derived from the epithelium of the retronasal cavity and it is one of the most frequent head and neck cancers with elevated prevalence rates in Asia and western North Africa (1,2) with, approximately 86691 incident cases of NPC and 50 831 NPC-related deaths in 2012 worldwide (3,4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies demonstrated Epstein -Barr virus (EBV) infection, genetic susceptibility, diet, chromosomal disorders, aberrant promoter hyper methylation and other genetic related factors and other environmental exposures (1,5,6) , Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and Consumption of salted (1,7,8) , Family history of NPC) , formaldehyde, an industrial hygienist solvents, dusts, exhaust and pesticides have been suggested to be associated with increased NPC risk (1,9) . The present study to know the roles of EBV with other Risk factor in development of NPC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Epstein- Barr Virus (EBV) with the Development of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) in Western Region of Iraq: Unmatched Molecular Case-Control Study

2020

IJFMT

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Background: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is uncommon in Iraq, but its incidence is raising due to increased exposure to diverse risk factors. Many of the NPC-related risk factors are becoming more and more apparent in Iraq. The exactly risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Anbar province, Iraq are not known.Objectives: To determine the association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections and other risk factors with the development NPC of Iraqi patients.Patients and Method: Sixty-seven paraffin-embedded tissues of NPC cases, 134 normal noncancerous nasopharyngeal biopsy samples, and tonsillectomy specimens from patients with chronic hypertrophic tonsillitis as controls were enrolled in the study that was conducted between 12 January 2012 and 21 January 2019. DNA of EBV was extracted from both controls and neoplastic tissues and analyzed by PCR technique using primers specific to EBV Latent Membrane Protein-1 Oncogene (LAMP-1) for the presence of EBV. A Questioners data form for all patients and controls were filled by the researchers regarding other risk factors of NPC including the patient's age, sex, residence, radiation exposure, history of chronic rhinitis, family history of NPC, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, herbal medicines, tea consumption, exposure to formaldehyde and exposure to different inhalants. Results:The following risk factors were found to be independently associated with illness: EBV (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 7.852, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.22-27.72), herbal medicine (OR 19.051, and Family history of NPC (OR 63.717,. Conclusion:Combination of family history of NPC , EBV exposure and herbal medicine was a strong risk factor for NPC.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Epstein- Barr Virus (EBV) with the Development of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) in Western Region of Iraq: Unmatched Molecular Case-Control Study

2020

IJFMT

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“…Suatu laporan penelitian menyebutkan ada be-berapa pekerjaan yang dikaitkan dengan insidensi KNF, namun hal tersebut kurang berpengaruh pada daerah dengan endemik tinggi. Paparan yang dialami selama bekerja akan meningkatkan risiko se-seorang mengalami KNF sebanyak 2-6 kali lebih tinggi [15]. Berdasarkan Tabel 2. tidak dijumpai gambaran histopatologi tipe I, namun sebagian besar sampel memiliki gambaran tipe II sejumlah 21 orang (63,6%) dan tipe III dijumpai sejumlah 12 orang (36,4%).…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasan 1 Karakteristik Demografiunclassified

HUBUNGAN IgA ANTI-VCA EVB DENGAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI PADA PENDERITA KARSINOMA NASOFARING

2020

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy that occurs in the nasopharyngeal epithelium. Most of the locations of NPC sufferers are centered on the Asian continent and have bloodlines originating from southern China, especially those belonging to the Fujian and Kantonesia tribes. The use of anti-VCA has become known as a screening test marker. This study aims to determine the relationship of anti-VCA IgA expression with histopathological features of NPC without assessing other risk factors. The type of research used is observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. The sample selection was carried out by consecutive sampling from patients with NPC who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 33 people. The results showed that of the 33 samples found 22 samples of male sex (66.7%), with the age group 50-59 years were 12 people (36.4%), and 14 samples were entrepreneurs (42.4%). Twenty-one samples (63.6%) had histopathological features of type II, type III as many as 12 people (36.4%), and none of the samples had histopathology type I. In the anti-VCA EBV IgA ELISA examination, the immunoglobulin was found in 22 sample people (66.7%). Chi-square analysis showed an association between IgA anti-VCA EBV expression and histopathological features of NPC with a value of p<0.002. Abstrak:Karsinoma nasofaring (KNF) merupakan keganasan yang terjadi pada epitel nasofaring. Sebagian besar lokasi penderita KNF terpusat pada benua Asia dan memiliki garis keturunan yang berasal dari Cina bagian Selatan, terutama yang merupakan bagian dari suku Fujian dan Kantonesia. Penggunaan anti-VCA mulai dikenalsebagai salah satu penanda uji tapis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan nilai serologi IgA anti-VCA dengan gambaran histopatologi KNF tanpa menilai faktor risiko lainnya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan berupa analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel diambil secara consecutive sampling dari penderita KNFyang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sejumlah 33 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 33 sampel, didapati 22 orang sampel berjenis kelamin laki-laki (66,7%), dengan kelompok usia 50-59 tahun sejumlah 12 orang (36,4%) dan 14 orang sampel berprofesi sebagai wiraswasta (42,4%). Sebagian besar sampel memiliki gambaran histopatologi tipe II sebanyak 21 orang (63,6%), tipe III sebanyak 12 orang (36,4%) dan tidak dijumpainya gambaran histopatologi tipe I. Pada pemeriksaan ELISA IgA anti-VCA EBV ditemukan immunoglobulin tersebut pada 22 orang sampel (66,7%). Analisis chi-square menunjukkan hubungan antara nilai serologi IgA anti-VCA EBV dengan gambaran histopatologi KNF dengan nilai p<0,002.

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Programmed death‐ligand 1 expression in Epstein‐Barr virus positive nasopharyngeal cancer

et al. 2022

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Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is common in Saudi Arabia; Most cases are related to the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), which is associated with treatment failure and a high recurrence rate. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and Programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitors emerged as breakthroughs in cancer treatment, including head and neck cancers. The benefit of these therapies was seen in patients with high expression of PD‐L1, which is unknown in our population. We aim to assess PD‐L1 expression in EBV‐related NPC patients presented to King Fahd Medical City (KFMC). We identified 41 cases of EBV‐related NPC diagnosed between 2016 and 2019. PD‐L1 expression was assessed using the Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) and Combined Positive Scores (CPS). Results showed that PD‐L1 expression was negative in 51% and 29% using TPS and CPS scores, respectively. High expression of PD‐L1, more than 50%, was seen in 17% using TPS and 22% using CPS. There was no statistically significant correlation between the degree of PD‐L1 expression by TPS or CPS and many variables, including gender, comorbidities, BMI, TNM staging, and smoking status. Over a median follow‐up of 29.7 months, Kaplan‐Meier survival curves did not show a statistically significant difference between all groups of PD‐L1 expression for O.S. or PFS; However, there were shorter O.S noted with CPS 1%–9%, log‐rank p‐value = 0.031. These findings support investigating the role of Immunotherapy, especially in the high expression subgroup. Data for these patients' outcomes and further studies to explore the role of PD‐L1 in NPC are needed.

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Nasopharyngeal cancer in Saudi Arabia: Epidemiology and possible risk factors

Cited by 13 publications

References 76 publications

Association of Epstein- Barr Virus (EBV) with the Development of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) in Western Region of Iraq: Unmatched Molecular Case-Control Study

Association of Epstein- Barr Virus (EBV) with the Development of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) in Western Region of Iraq: Unmatched Molecular Case-Control Study

HUBUNGAN IgA ANTI-VCA EVB DENGAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI PADA PENDERITA KARSINOMA NASOFARING

Programmed death‐ligand 1 expression in Epstein‐Barr virus positive nasopharyngeal cancer

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