Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Colonization and Impact of a Single Dose of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Indian Children With HIV and Their Unvaccinated Parents

Arya, Bikas K.; Bhattacharya, Sangeeta; Sutcliffe, Catherine G.; Ganaie, Feroze; Bhaskar, Arun; Bhattacharyya, Souvik; Niyogi, Swapan Kumar; Moss, William J.; Panda, Samiran; Ravikumar, K L; Das, Ranjan; Mandal, Swagata

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000001800

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Although the swabs in this study came from an unimmunized and HibCV and PCV13-immunized cohort of children, the overall pneumococcal carriage was not affected. Rather, we detected higher rates of pneumococcus (37%) by PCR than by culture detected pre (31%) and post PCV13 (28%) immunization [25,36]. Further, we observed in the past that the point prevalence of pneumococcus did not change with one dose of PCV13 in both CLH and HUC [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…HibCV immunization was associated with a signi cant reduction and a near disappearance in the nasopharyngeal carriage of Hib in CLH and HUC by the last visit [24]. There was no difference in acquisition of vaccine type pneumococcus after one dose of PCV13 in either CLH or HUC [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…From February 2012 to October 2014, we conducted a prospective cohort study to look at the impact of Haemophilus in uenzae type b conjugate vaccine and the 13-valent PCV (PCV13), in HIV infected and uninfected children and their unvaccinated parents, in West Bengal India [24,25]. We banked over 1800 nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs collected from children and one of their parents at different visits.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From February 2012 to October 2014, we conducted an interventional prospective cohort study to look at the impact of monovalent Haemophilus in uenzae type b conjugate vaccine (HibCV) and the 13-valent PCV (PCV13), on nasopharyngeal carriage in children living with and without HIV and their unvaccinated parents, in two rural districts of West Bengal India [24,25]. During this time, HibCV was introduced in certain states in India but was not part of the program for CLH, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines were not introduced in India until May 2017.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of nasopharyngeal viruses and pathogenic bacteria in children and their parents with and without HIV

Khan

Das

Chaudhary

et al. 2021

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Background: Bacteria and respiratory viruses co-occur in the nasopharynx, and their interactions may impact pathogenesis of invasive disease. Associations of viruses and bacteria in the nasopharynx may be affected by HIV.Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study from a larger cohort study of banked nasopharyngeal swabs from families with and without HIV in West Bengal India, to look at the association of viruses and bacteria in the nasopharynx of parents and children when they are asymptomatic. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 4 bacteria and 21 respiratory viruses was run on 92 random nasopharyngeal swabs from children--49 from children living with HIV (CLH) and 43 from HIV uninfected children(HUC)-- and 77 swabs from their parents (44 parents of CLH and 33 parents of HUC).Results: Bacteria was found in 67% of children, viruses in 45%, and both in 27% of child samples. Staphylococcus aureus (53%) was the most common bacteria, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) (37%) in children and parents (53%, 20%). Regardless of HIV status, viruses were detected in higher numbers (44%) in children than their parents (30%) (p=0.049), particularly rhinovirus (p=0.02). Human rhinovirus was the most frequently found virus in both CLH and HUC. Children with adenovirus were at six times increased risk of also having pneumococcus (Odds ratio OR 6, 95% CI 1.12-31.9) regardless of HIV status. In addition, the presence of rhinovirus in children was associated with increased pneumococcal density (Regression coeff 4.5, 1.14-7.9). In CLH the presence of rhinovirus increased the risk of pneumococcal colonization by nearly sixteen times (OR 15.6, 1.66-146.4) and pneumococcus and S. aureus dual colonization by nearly nine times (OR 8.7).Conclusions Children more frequently carried viruses regardless of HIV status. In CLH the presence of rhinovirus, the most frequently detected virus, significantly increased co-colonization with pneumococcus and S. aureus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of nasopharyngeal viruses and pathogenic bacteria in children and their parents with and without HIV

Khan

Das

Chaudhary

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…We present a case series of three families with similar socioeconomic backgrounds who participated in a vaccine study on the impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) on nasopharyngeal carriage in children and parents affected by HIV in West Bengal, India. [1] Case 1 is a child living with HIV (CLH); case 2 is an HEU child; and case 3 is an HUU child. We determined nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus , and respiratory viruses by culture and PCR in children and their mothers at multiple points between February 2012 and October 2014.…”

Section: Case Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased household exposure to respiratory pathogens in HIV exposed uninfected children due to maternal HIV

Khan

Das

Bhattacharya

2019

J Family Med Prim Care

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Little is known about household exposures to respiratory pathogens in HIV-exposed uninfected children (HEU) in Indian families. This case series investigates the nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus , and respiratory viruses at multiple points in three mother child pairs: (1) an HIV-infected child and mother, (2) an HEU child and HIV-infected mother, and (3) an HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) child and mother. Nasopharyngeal carriage densities of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were higher in mothers and children living in HIV-affected households, regardless of the child's HIV status. Maternal HIV and ART status impact these household exposures.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae Acquisition and Carriage in Vaccine Naïve Indian Children with HIV and their Parents: A Longitudinal Household Study

et al. 2019

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Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Colonization and Impact of a Single Dose of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Indian Children With HIV and Their Unvaccinated Parents

Abstract: While there was no difference in acquisition of VT nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus in CLH and HUC after one dose of PCV13, earlier access to ART may impact response to PCV13 in CLH.

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Association of nasopharyngeal viruses and pathogenic bacteria in children and their parents with and without HIV

Association of nasopharyngeal viruses and pathogenic bacteria in children and their parents with and without HIV

Increased household exposure to respiratory pathogens in HIV exposed uninfected children due to maternal HIV

Streptococcus pneumoniae Acquisition and Carriage in Vaccine Naïve Indian Children with HIV and their Parents: A Longitudinal Household Study

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