Nasopharyngeal s. pneumoniae carriage and density in Belgian infants after 9 years of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine programme

Wouters, Ine; Heirstraeten, Liesbet Van; Desmet, Stefanie; Blaizot, Stéphanie; Verhaegen, Jan; Goossens, Herman; Damme, Pierre Van; Malhotra-Kumar, Surbhi; Theeten, Heidi

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.052

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Both active and passive smoking might represent a higher risk for bacterial colonization and disease development according to some researches [68,69]. However, the opposite association has also been described before, for instance in a Belgian study, where parental smoking negatively influenced pneumococcal colonization in 6-30 months old infants [70]. Here, we also found a negative association between S. pneumoniae carriage and exposure to passive smoking (Table 3).…”

Section: Serotypesupporting

confidence: 78%

Co-carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis among three different age categories of children in Hungary

et al. 2020

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BackgroundThe nasopharynx can from time to time accommodate otherwise pathogenic bacteria. This phenomenon is called asymptomatic carriage. However, in case of decreased immunity, viral infection or any other enhancing factors, severe disease can develop. Our aim in this study was to survey the nasal carriage rates of four important respiratory pathogens in three different age groups of children attending nurseries, day-care centres and primary schools. This is the first study from Hungary about the asymptomatic carriage of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. MethodsAltogether 580 asymptomatic children were screened in three Hungarian cities. Samples were collected from both nostrils with cotton swabs. The identification was based on both colony morphology and species-specific PCRs. Serotyping was performed for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined with agar dilution, according to the EUCAST guidelines. Clonality was examined by PFGE. Results and conclusionsWhereas the carriage rates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis clearly decreased with age, that of S. aureus showed an opposite tendency. Multiple carriage was least prevalent if S. aureus was one of the participants. The negative association between this bacterium and the others was statistically significant. For pneumococcus, the overall carriage rate was lower compared to earlier years, and PCV13 serotypes were present in only 6.2% of the children. The majority of H. influenzae isolates was non-typeable and no PLOS ONE | https://doi.

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Section: Serotypesupporting

confidence: 78%

Co-carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis among three different age categories of children in Hungary

et al. 2020

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“…Similarly, the most common S. pneumoniae molecular serotypes identified (11A, 15B/C, 16F and 23B) are also consistent with prevalent serotypes detected in other global regions following the introduction of PCV13 [46–48].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Analysis of phylogenetic diversity and in vitro adherence characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates obtained during pediatric respiratory co-infections

et al. 2020

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are frequently co-associated during acute respiratory infections, particularly amongst infants and young children. In this study, we aimed to identify strains of RSV and serotypes/sequence types of S. pneumoniae associated with co-infections within a cohort of paediatric patients, and to assess RSV-mediated adhesion of pneumococcal isolates. The RSV glycoprotein sequence was determined for 58 RSV-positive samples and molecular serotyping and MLST was used to analyse 26 pneumococcal isolates. We also compared 23 pneumococcal isolates for their adherence to RSV-infected or mock-infected airway epithelia cells using immunofluorescence microscopy and automated particle counting. The tight association between RSV and S. pneumoniae was also visualized using scanning electron microscopy. This study did not identify any statistically significant trend in the strains of RSV and S. pneumoniae associated with co-infections. Furthermore, almost all isolates (22 of 23) showed significantly increased adherence to RSV-infected cells. The level of adherence did not appear to correlate with pneumococcal strain or sequence type, and isolates obtained from RSV-infected patients displayed a similar level of adherence as those from RSV-negative patients. The absence of particular S. pneumoniae or RSV strains associated with co-infection, together with the near ubiquitous presence of RSV-mediated adhesion throughout the pneumococcal clinical isolates, may indicate that the mechanisms governing the association with RSV are of sufficient importance to be maintained across much of the species.

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“…The design of this observational study was previously described in detail and is summarised here for the complete study period (from Period 1 in 2016 up to Period 3 in 2017-2018) [30,31]. Samples were considered positive for any of the respective pathogens if either culture or PCR was positive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample size and power were calculated using the R-package 'power' [30]. A sample size of 700 children in 2016 and 900 children from the second period onwards allows the detection of 4% changes in carriage prevalence of Sp-serotypes 19A or 6A over the observation period of the study period with 80% power and assuming a starting carriage prevalence below 2%.…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage evolved during and after a PCV13-to-PCV10 vaccination programme switch in Belgium, 2016 to 2018

et al. 2020

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Background: The current carriage study was set up to reinforce surveillance during/after the PCV13-to-PCVC10 switch in Belgium. Aim: This observational study monitored carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) serotypes, particularly those no longer covered (3, 6A, 19A), as well as Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), because PCV10 contains the non-typeable Hi protein D. Methods: A total of 2,615 nasopharyngeal swabs from children (6-30 months old) attending day care were collected in three periods over 2016-2018. Children's demographic and clinical characteristics and vaccination status were obtained through a questionnaire. Sp and Hi were identified by culture and PCR. Pneumococcal strains were tested for antimicrobial (non-)susceptibility by disc diffusion and serotyped by Quellung-reaction (Quellung-reaction and PCR for serotypes 3, 6A, 19A). Results: The carriage prevalence of Sp (> 75%) remained stable over the successive periods but that of Hi increased (87.4%, 664 Hi-carriers/760 in 2016 vs 93.9%, 895/953 in 2017-2018). The proportion of non-PCV13 vaccine serotypes decreased (94.6%, 438 isolates/463 in 2016 vs 89.7%, 599/668 in 2017-2018) while that of PCV13-non-PCV10 vaccine serotypes (3 + 6A + 19A) increased (0.9%, 4 isolates/463 in 2016 vs 7.8%, 52/668 in 2017-2018), with serotype 19A most frequently identified (87.9%, 58/66 isolates). Non-susceptibility of pneumococci against any of the tested antibiotics was stable over the study period (> 44%). Conclusions: During and after the PCV13-to-PCV10 vaccine switch, the proportion of non-PCV13 serotypes decreased, mainly due to a serotype 19A carriage prevalence increase. These results complement invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance data, providing further basis for pneumococcal vaccination programme policy making.

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Nasopharyngeal s. pneumoniae carriage and density in Belgian infants after 9 years of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine programme

Abstract: Four years after PCV13 introduction in the vaccination programme, PCV13 serotype carriage was rare in infants throughout Belgium and penicillin resistance was rare. Continued surveillance in the context of a PCV programme switch is necessary.

Cited by 30 publications

References 43 publications

Co-carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis among three different age categories of children in Hungary

Co-carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis among three different age categories of children in Hungary

Analysis of phylogenetic diversity and in vitro adherence characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates obtained during pediatric respiratory co-infections

How nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage evolved during and after a PCV13-to-PCV10 vaccination programme switch in Belgium, 2016 to 2018

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Nasopharyngeal s. pneumoniae carriage and density in Belgian infants after 9 years of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine programme

Abstract: Four years after PCV13 introduction in the vaccination programme, PCV13 serotype carriage was rare in infants throughout Belgium and penicillin resistance was rare. Continued surveillance in the context of a PCV programme switch is necessary.

Cited by 30 publications

References 43 publications

Co-carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis among three different age categories of children in Hungary

Co-carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis among three different age categories of children in Hungary

Analysis of phylogenetic diversity and in vitro adherence characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates obtained during pediatric respiratory co-infections

How nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage evolved during and after a PCV13-to-PCV10 vaccination programme switch in Belgium, 2016 to 2018

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Nasopharyngeal s. pneumoniae carriage and density in Belgian infants after 9 years of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine programme