NAT-Based Internet Connectivity for On-Demand Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

Abstract.A prerequisite for widespread and successful deployment of on-demand ad-hoc networking technology is its ability to provide easy access to the Internet. Existing solutions for Internet access are mainly based on modifying Mobile IPv4 (MIPv4). An easier approach, yet poorly documented in published material, is to implement Network Address Translation (NAT) on Internet Gateway nodes in the ad hoc network. In this paper we describe problems experienced in our lab test-bed with NAT-based solutions under the condition of site multi-homing. Based on this experience, we propose a working solution for multi-homed ad hoc networks.

Robust and flexible Internet connectivity for mobile ad hoc networks

“…We found the chosen node density a good balance between network size and number of nodes; there is one mobile node per 223 m 2 , and with the default ns-2 transmission radius of 250 m (using the ''TwoRayGround" model), we have reasonable coverage. 6 With a fixed density, routes are on average longer as the number of nodes and area size increase. Hence, we evaluate forwarding behavior with increasing path lengths that increase the likelihood of, for example, state replication problems occurring (e.g., due to local repairs of long routes).…”

“…For example, one of the most prominent proposals [17] (which has been proposed for standardization) adopts the default route approach without clearly addressing the issues of flat addressing and multiple gateways. Other schemes may not have the problems related to default routes [11,6], but they either do not consider macro mobility, are designed specifically for the less challenging proactive routing, or do not suggest how to handle multi-homing or load-balancing. Moreover, most solutions target specific routing protocols without discussing how they fit with alternative routing schemes.…”

A Time-Slot Routing Protocol for Smart Home

“…Step 5: calculating 1 T , 2 T , 3 T and with the help of (3), (4) Step 6: using (8), the optimal average access time for all nodes is given by 360.3545ms.…”

“…The wireless transmission in Figure 1 is based on WiFi, which is an ideal choice for family networks. By making use of the ad hoc and WiFi techniques, higher quality of signal and service can be provided for users [3][4][5][6]. So with the ad hoc and WiFi techniques, a high-speed data network and a larger wireless coverage will be provided for users in the smart home system.…”

Comparison of forwarding strategies in internet connected MANETs

“…Gateway discovery in NAT'ed on-demand MANETs is studied in [2], where Engelstad et al find that tunneling to gateways avoids race conditions from proxy route replies in the presence of multiple gateways. This is in line with our findings as well.…”