National action on antimicrobial resistance and the political economy of health care

Heinzel, Mirko; Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias

doi:10.1080/13501763.2024.2326656

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 95 publications

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“…The prevalence of AMR in LMICs is closely linked to the weak regulatory compliance surrounding self-medication with antibiotics. Despite a legal framework in many LMICs that prohibit dispensing antibiotics without a valid medical prescription, OTC sales of antibiotics are frequent [ 60 ]. As a consequence of the new and increasing problem posed by AMR; governments worldwide have implemented new National Action Plans (NAPs) to combat it [ 61 ].…”

Section: Challenges Faced By Community Pharmacists In Lmics In Tackli...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community pharmacists as antimicrobial resistance stewards: a narrative review on their contributions and challenges in low- and middle-income countries

Raju,

Srinivas,

Siddalingegowda

et al. 2024

J. pharm. pharm. sci.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health crisis that impedes the therapeutic effectiveness of available antimicrobial agents. Due to the high burden of infectious diseases and limited resources, especially trained healthcare professionals, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of AMR. Sometimes, as the first and last point of contact for patients seeking treatment for infections, community pharmacists can play a pivotal role in the stewardship required for AMR. This review aims to highlight the contributions made by community pharmacists in LMICs as AMR stewards. The review considers the challenges from the perspectives of limited resources, inadequate training, a lack of policies and regulations, and issues related to patient behavior. Community pharmacists in LMICs could optimize their advocacy contributions by focusing on One Health AMR stewardship. Transformational and actionable patient and population-centric antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is feasible with the synergy of policymakers and other healthcare providers in the implementation of AMS policies and programs that support community pharmacists in their efforts to promote rational antimicrobial use.

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Section: Challenges Faced By Community Pharmacists In Lmics In Tackli...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community pharmacists as antimicrobial resistance stewards: a narrative review on their contributions and challenges in low- and middle-income countries

Raju,

Srinivas,

Siddalingegowda

et al. 2024

J. pharm. pharm. sci.

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Isolation and Characterization of a Bacteriophage with Potential for the Control of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Strains Encoding Virulence Factors Associated with the Promotion of Precancerous Lesions

Amarillas,

Padilla-Lafarga,

León Chan

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Background: Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria represent a serious threat to public health. Among these bacteria, Salmonella is of high priority because of its morbidity levels and its ability to induce different types of cancer. Aim: This study aimed to identify Salmonella strains encoding genes linked to the promotion of precancerous lesions and to isolate a bacteriophage to evaluate its preclinical potential against these bacteria. Methodology: An epidemiological approach based on wastewater analysis was employed to isolate Salmonella strains and detect genes associated with the induction of precancerous lesions. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method. A bacteriophage was isolated via the double agar technique, and its morphological characteristics, stability, host range, replication dynamics, and ability to control Salmonella under different conditions were evaluated. The bacteriophage genome was sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Results: Thirty-seven Salmonella strains were isolated, seventeen of which contained the five genes associated with precancerous lesions’ induction. These strains exhibited resistance to multiple antimicrobials, including fluoroquinolones. A bacteriophage from the Autographiviridae family with lytic activity against 21 bacterial strains was isolated. This phage exhibited a 20 min replication cycle, releasing 52 ± 3 virions per infected cell. It demonstrated stability and efficacy in reducing the Salmonella concentration in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and its genome lacked genes that represent a biosafety risk. Conclusion: This bacteriophage shows promising preclinical potential as a biotherapeutic agent against Salmonella.

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National action on antimicrobial resistance and the political economy of health care

Cited by 2 publications

References 95 publications

Community pharmacists as antimicrobial resistance stewards: a narrative review on their contributions and challenges in low- and middle-income countries

Community pharmacists as antimicrobial resistance stewards: a narrative review on their contributions and challenges in low- and middle-income countries

Isolation and Characterization of a Bacteriophage with Potential for the Control of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Strains Encoding Virulence Factors Associated with the Promotion of Precancerous Lesions

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