“…Focusing on the implementation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) is especially relevant as the extensive literature on EU trade agreements has explained the rationale for PTAs (Dür, 2007(Dür, , 2008Eckhardt & Poletti, 2016;Garcia, 2013;Siles-Brügge, 2014) outcomes of negotiations (Adriaensen, 2016;Heldt, 2021), the politicisation of PTAs and trade policy (De Bièvre et al, 2020;De Ville & Siles-Brügge, 2015;Duina, 2019;Eliasson & Garcia-Duran Huet, 2018;Gheyle, 2020;Young, 2019), but with the exception of work unpacking the limitations of the trade and sustainable development (TSD) chapters in PTAs (Campling et al, 2016;Drieghe et al, 2022;Marx & Brando, 2016;Orbie et al, 2016Orbie et al, , 2017Potjomkina et al, 2020) has paid little attention to how well PTAs are implemented and what happens post-negotiations. Yet, the implementation of PTAs is less straightforward than envisaged.…”