National and Sub-National Offshoring Impact on Employment: An Application to Madrid Region

Gómez, María Ángeles Tobarra; Santiago, Luis Antonio López; Sanz, Nuria; Cadarso, María‐Ángeles

doi:10.17561/ree.v0i1.2951

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Developed nations are in the negative for pollution emissions in global trade, importing directly or indirectly from developing nations goods that require a lot of pollution to produce [ 23 ]. So, GVC makes it possible for potentially harmful substances and pollution-causing agents to move from developed to developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though developing countries make money when they join a value chain and sell their goods on the global market, Arce et al [ 23 ] asserted that they risk hurting their own ecosystems in the process. According to the BP World Energy Statistics Yearbook, China used 71% of the world’s energy in 2012.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several growing economies are combating this tendency by enacting stronger environmental and energy consumption rules. The developed world imports significantly more polluting items from the developing world than it emits as a result of its production [ 23 ].…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards energy sustainability: Exploring the nexus between global value chain participation and energy security in developing and developed countries

Zhang,

Lin,

Wang

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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International trade has a significant impact on global environmental quality and sustainable economic development. Global value chains (GVCs) have become a crucial component of international trade and development policy. The global production structure has become more complicated with the inclusion of domestic markets in GVC, putting significant pressure on world energy resources and environmental sustainability. Therefore, traditional trade measures no longer accurately reflect how global trade affects the energy security of developing and developed countries. Thus, this study is the first to use a panel-corrected standard error method to look at the relationship between GVC participation and energy security by using a global sample of 35 developed and 27 developing nations from 1995 to 2018. A feasible generalized least squares model was also applied to confirm the robustness of the model. Six indicators—foreign direct investment, industrialization level, capital formation, human capital index, political stability, and GVC—were used in this research to look at their impact on the four fundamental pillars of energy security (availability, applicability, sustainability, and affordability) for sustainable economic development. For developed countries, it was confirmed that there is a non-linear relationship between GVC participation and energy intensity, renewable energy consumption, and non-fossil fuel use. In the case of developing countries, the non-linear relationship in terms of all aspects of energy security was also confirmed. The findings also indicated that GVC’s involvement benefits all four dimensions of energy security in both developing and developed countries once it reaches a certain threshold. Our findings further support the impacts of long-term cointegration between GVC and energy security for sustainable economic development. Therefore, the nations must promote technology transfer and capacity building within GVCs for inclusive energy security. Similarly, they may foster sustainable practices through collaborative governance for a stable global energy network by acknowledging the positive impact of income levels on energy security.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%