National assessment of nor’easter-induced coastal erosion hazards: mid- and northeast Atlantic coast

Birchler, Justin J.; Dalyander, P. Soupy; Stockdon, Hilary F.; Doran, Kara S.

doi:10.3133/ofr20151154

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Nor'easters tend to have durations extending over multiple tidal cycles, generally 2-5 days. In contrast, hurricanes directly impact Fire Island less frequently and in general are faster moving systems, with impacts occurring over one or two tidal cycles, typically lasting b 24 h (Birchler et al, 2015). Historic storms of note can be identified from reports of widespread erosion, overwash, breaching, and infrastructure damage along this coastline.…”

Section: Oceanographic and Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling processes and scales of shoreline morphodynamics

et al. 2016

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Behavior of coastal systems on time scales ranging from single storm events to years and decades is controlled by both small-scale sediment transport processes and large-scale geologic, oceanographic, and morphologic processes. Improved understanding of coastal behavior at multiple time scales is required for refining models that predict potential erosion hazards and for coastal management planning and decision-making. Here we investigate the primary controls on shoreline response along a geologically-variable barrier island on time scales resolving extreme storms and decadal variations over a period of nearly one century. An empirical orthogonal function analysis is applied to a time series of shoreline positions at Fire Island, NY to identify patterns of shoreline variance along the length of the island. We establish that there are separable patterns of shoreline behavior that represent response to oceanographic forcing as well as patterns that are not explained by this forcing. The dominant shoreline behavior occurs over large length scales in the form of alternating episodes of shoreline retreat and advance, presumably in response to storms cycles. Two secondary responses include long-term response that is correlated to known geologic variations of the island and the other reflects geomorphic patterns with medium length scale. Our study also includes the response to Hurricane Sandy and a period of post-storm recovery. It was expected that the impacts from Hurricane Sandy would disrupt long-term trends and spatial patterns. We found that the response to Sandy at Fire Island is not notable or distinguishable from several other large storms of the prior decade.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Oceanographic and Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling processes and scales of shoreline morphodynamics

et al. 2016

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“…Dune gaps are (by definition) lower than these mean elevations. We estimate dune elevations to be Gaussian (following Birchler et al., 2015) and choose the dune gap elevation ( h g ) to be the lowest 5% (mean minus 2 SD) of a 1‐km alongshore section. Dune gap widths ( w g ) are also 5% of the same alongshore segment, here 50 m.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 −3 , respectively (Passeri et al, 2018). Vegetated C f is estimated using Baptist et al (2009) Dune gap elevations are retrieved from the USGS dune crest elevation data set, which provides mean and standard deviations of dune crest elevation for 1 km alongshore segments (Birchler et al, 2015). Dune gaps are (by definition) lower than these mean elevations.…”

Section: Hurricane Sandy Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barrier Breaching Versus Overwash Deposition: Predicting the Morphologic Impact of Storms on Coastal Barriers

2021

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Waves and water level setup during storms can create overwashing flows across barrier islands. Overwashing flows can cause erosion, barrier breaching, and inlet formation, but their sediments can also be deposited and form washover fans. These widely different outcomes remain difficult to predict. Here we suggest that a breach develops when the sediment volume transported by overwashing flows exceeds the barrier subaerial volume. We form a simple analytical theory that estimates overwashing flows from storm characteristics, barrier morphology, and dune vegetation, and which can be used to assess washover deposition and breaching likelihood. Our theory suggests that barrier width and storm surge height are two important controls on barrier breaching. We test our theory with the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic model Delft3D as well as with field observations of 21 washover fans and 6 breaches that formed during Hurricane Sandy. There is reasonable correspondence for natural but not for developed barrier coasts, where traditional sediment transport equations do not readily apply. Our analytical formulations for breach formation and overwash deposition can be used to improve long‐term barrier island models.

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“…Dune gap elevations are retrieved from the USGS dune crest elevation dataset, which provides mean and standard deviations of dune crest elevation for 1 km alongshore segments (Birchler et al, 2015). Dune gaps are (by definition) lower than these mean elevations.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dune gaps are (by definition) lower than these mean elevations. We estimate dune elevations to be gaussian (following Birchler et al, 2015) and choose the dune gap elevation (hg) to be the lowest 5% (mean minus 2 s.d.) of an 1 km alongshore section.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Barrier breaching versus overwash deposition: parameterizing the morphologic impact of storms on coastal barriers

Nienhuis

Heijkers

Ruessink

2021

Preprint

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Waves and water level setup during storms can create overwashing flows across barrier islands. Overwashing flows can cause erosion, barrier breaching, and inlet formation, but their sediments can also be deposited and form washover fans. These widely different outcomes remain difficult to predict. Here we suggest that a breach develops when the sediment volume transported by overwashing flows exceeds the barrier subaerial volume. We form a simple analytical theory that estimates overwashing flows from storm characteristics, barrier morphology, and dune vegetation, and which can be used to assess washover deposition and breaching likelihood. Our theory suggests that barrier width and storm surge height are two important controls on barrier breaching. We test our theory with the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic model Delft3D as well as with field observations of 21 washover fans and 6 breaches that formed during hurricane Sandy. There is reasonable correspondence for natural but not for developed barrier coasts, where traditional sediment transport equations do not readily apply. Our analytical formulations for breach formation and overwash deposition can be used to improve long-term barrier island models.

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National assessment of nor’easter-induced coastal erosion hazards: mid- and northeast Atlantic coast

Abstract: Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured form the copyright owner.

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Decoupling processes and scales of shoreline morphodynamics

Decoupling processes and scales of shoreline morphodynamics

Barrier Breaching Versus Overwash Deposition: Predicting the Morphologic Impact of Storms on Coastal Barriers

Barrier breaching versus overwash deposition: parameterizing the morphologic impact of storms on coastal barriers

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