“…In the present study, we intend to focus on the externally visible forms of enthusiasm instead of the subjective experience of teachers because we are afraid of social desirability biases and ceiling effect regarding self-reports of teachers concerning their enthusiasm. 1 Despite several educational textbooks claim that one of the keys of effective teaching is enthusiasm ( Wong and Wong, 2001 ; Stronge et al, 2004 ; Brophy, 2006 ), only a few empirical studies were carried out to measure the effect of teacher enthusiasm on students’ motivations, goals, and classroom behavior. However, all interpretation of teacher enthusiasm can have beneficial consequences concerning students’ and pupils’ learning-related emotions which are less examined in the literature of educational psychology than negative forms of learning-related emotions ( Paoloni, 2014 ).…”