National burden of intestinal parasitic infections and its determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS on anti-retroviral therapy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is designed to assess the pooled prevalence and determine risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS on anti-retroviral therapy in Ethiopia. Methods: International databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar were systematically searched. Publication bias was determined using the funnel plot and Egger’s regression tests. Heterogeneity between the studies included in this review was checked by I2 statistic. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled effect size. Sub-group, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Overall, meta-analysis was done using Stata version 14 statistical software. Results: Twenty-seven studies with 8946 individuals were included, the estimated pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS on anti-retroviral therapy was 40.24% (95% confidence interval = 33.8–46.6). Based on sub-group analysis, the highest prevalence was observed in the Tigray region 45.7% (95% confidence interval = 7.9–83.5), followed by Oromia region 42.2% (95% confidence interval = 28.8–55.6). Availability of latrine (odds ratio = 26.6, 95% confidence interval = 2.8–15.8), presence of animals at home (odds ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.2–5.8), and source of drinking water (odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–7.5) were significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infections. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the prevalence of intestinal parasites among people living with HIV/AIDS was high in Ethiopia.

Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Associated Risk Factors among HIV-Infected Patients Seeking Healthcare in a Rural Hospital in Ghana

“…Particularly, HIV-positive individuals who do not use a water closet were found to be 53 times more likely to acquire intestinal parasitic infections. This finding agrees with earlier reports in Nigeria [ 4 ] and Ethiopia [ 26 ].…”

Magnitude of intestinal parasitic infections and its determinants among HIV/AIDS patients attending at antiretroviral treatment centers in East and West Gojam Zones, Northwest, Ethiopia: institution based cross-sectional study

“…In Ethiopia, the total number of people with HIV/AIDS is 617,921, comprising 235,550 males and 382,371 females across all age groups, with 40, 528 children ( 4 ). Despite progress in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, co-infections with intestinal parasites continue to pose a significant public burden on affected individuals ( 5 ). Ongoing replication of HIV leads to a constant state of immune activation that persists during the chronic phase.…”

“…However, limited research has been conducted to assess the magnitude of intestinal parasite infections among patients with HIV in East and West Gojam Zones. Understanding the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasite infections in this vulnerable population is crucial for developing targeted interventions and improving the overall health outcomes of patients with HIV ( 5 ).…”

HIV Sero-Status of Health Care Workers in Addis Ababa Public Hospitals After Post-Exposure Blood and Body Fluids: A Cross-Sectional Study, October 2022

“…Moreover, the epidemiology of HIV in Ethiopia has been on the rise and has been dynamically changing over the past 2 decades, along with poor compliance with standard precautions among HCWs. 13 - 15 …”