National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Players' Perceptions of Women in the Athletic Training Room Using a Role Congruity Framework

O’Connor, Caitlin B.; Grappendorf, Heidi; Burton, Laura; Harmon, Sandra M; Henderson, A. Cortney; Peel, Judy

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-45.4.386

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Another qualitative theme from our results revealed concepts that were similar to those from previous research 13 regarding Division I football players' perceptions of female ATs in the athletic training clinic. Both studies showed that student-athletes recognized ATs had the same level of education and background and, in general, did not have a preference on ATs for the majority of injuries.…”

Section: Selection Of Health Care Providerssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…7 However, despite this move toward inclusivity, bias and discrimination (particularly gender discrimination) exist in athletic training. 12,13 Female ATs have experienced discrimination simply based on hir (gender-neutral pronoun, equivalent to his or her) gender. 12 Specifically, male football players were more comfortable with male ATs for treating both general medical conditions and sexspecific injuries and conditions, 13 although the athletes recognized that all ATs were required to take the same certification examination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13 Female ATs have experienced discrimination simply based on hir (gender-neutral pronoun, equivalent to his or her) gender. 12 Specifically, male football players were more comfortable with male ATs for treating both general medical conditions and sexspecific injuries and conditions, 13 although the athletes recognized that all ATs were required to take the same certification examination. 12 In most athletic settings, including at the collegiate level, the AT is the first person on the medical team with whom the patient interacts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Athletic Trainers: Collegiate Student-Athletes' Perceptions

Crossway

Rogers

Nye

et al. 2019

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) athletic trainers (ATs) face uncertain acceptance in the workplace. Objective To examine the perceptions of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes toward ATs who identified as LGBTQ. Design Cross-sectional design. Setting Web-based survey. Patients or Other Participants A total of 623 (males = 212, females = 403, other = 8; age = 19.7 ± 1.4 years) NCAA student-athletes completed the survey. Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants completed a 19-item survey to assess their perceptions about the appropriateness of, quality of care from, and comfort with ATs who identified as LGBTQ. We asked 10 demographic questions and 2 questions regarding the student-athlete's exposure to individuals who identified as LGBTQ. Five matrix questions had 5 stems each to represent LGBTQ individuals on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) and 2 open-ended questions elicited qualitative data. We analyzed characteristics of central tendency to evaluate the level of appropriateness, quality of care, and level of comfort perceived by student-athletes of ATs who identified as LGBTQ. We used Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests for post hoc analyses where appropriate. We used grounded theory to identify themes in the answers to the open-ended questions. Results Participants indicated they would seek health care and would feel comfortable approaching an AT who identified as LGBTQ. Participants agreed it was appropriate for an LGBTQ AT to work with both male and female sports and did not agree that health care provided by heterosexual and LGBTQ ATs differed. The open-ended responses revealed 4 themes: professionalism, upbringing, situational concerns, and concerns about specific populations that affected their perceptions. Conclusions In general, the NCAA student-athletes had positive perceptions of ATs who identified as LGBTQ.

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Section: Selection Of Health Care Providerssupporting

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Athletic Trainers: Collegiate Student-Athletes' Perceptions

Crossway

Rogers

Nye

et al. 2019

Journal of Athletic Training

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show abstract

“…5,9,11 To deepen the information collected and truly capture the phenomenon of interest, we asked an expert on gender concerns in sport to review the content and structure of the interview guide (Appendix). This process allowed us to verify the content of the interview guide and the interpretability of the questions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence suggests that some female ATs had their knowledge questioned, 9 were stereotyped as ''nurturing, soft, and a team mom,'' 10 and were perceived to be better at taking care of a family than participating in the workplace. 2 Additionally, despite football players' believing that female ATs possessed the necessary skills, 11 female ATs may be viewed more as sexual objects than as professionals. 12 Even with the challenges involved in gaining access to providing medical care to male sport teams, opportunities for women appear to be growing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaining Access to Providing Medical Care to Male Sport Teams: The Female Athletic Trainer Perspective

Pike

Mazerolle

Barrett

2017

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Female athletic trainers (ATs) can face barriers to employment within the profession. Although there is evidence for an increasing percentage of women in athletic training, the portion providing medical care to male sport teams within the professional sport and collegiate settings continues to be small.Objective: To investigate the experiences of female ATs when seeking employment with male sport teams within the Division I setting.Design: Qualitative study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I.Patients or Other Participants: A total of 15 NCAA Division I female ATs providing medical care to a male sport team participated in our study. Their mean age was 33 6 9 years, and they had a mean of 11 6 9 years of overall clinical experience.Data Collection and Analysis: All participants completed one-on-one phone interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. Analysis of the data followed thematic analysis using a phenomenologic approach. Credibility was established through credibility checks, peer review, and researcher triangulation.Results: Factors that played a role in women gaining employment with male sport teams were (1) preexisting professional relationships, (2) prior experience with a male sport, and (3) perseverance. Participants in our study were most attracted to their current positions because of (1) the environment of the collegiate setting and (2) the location of the university.Conclusions: Job access for female ATs in this study was not viewed as a challenge. Familiarity through previous connections with the university and staff and commitment to career goals helped these women obtain the positions they held. The desire to work in male sports was not a primary contributing factor to the decision-making process. Progress continues for women in athletic training, as evidenced by the reported ease of job access with male sport teams.Key Words: job attractors, job access, hiring practices Key PointsPreexisting professional relationships, prior experience with a male sport, and perseverance were identified as key factors that contributed to female athletic trainers' obtaining positions with male sport teams. Primary attractors to employment were the collegiate setting and university location. Job access for female athletic trainers working with male sport teams was not viewed as a challenge.A once male-dominated field, athletic training now includes more women (54.5%) than men (45.3%). 1Despite the increase in female athletic trainers (ATs), only a small number of them have been able to break the barrier of working with male sport teams, particularly among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and professional sports.2 Only a quarter of all full-time athletic training positions in the Division I setting were filled by women, 3 and an even smaller portion of these were positions higher than assistant or associate AT.3-5 A search 6 of female ATs working with high-profile male athletes revealed that only a small number had broken the male professio...

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Collegiate athletes' mental health services utilization: A systematic review of conceptualizations, operationalizations, facilitators, and barriers

Moreland

Coxe

Yang

2018

Journal of Sport and Health Science

132

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BackgroundWhile mental health among collegiate athletes is receiving increased attention, research on factors surrounding collegiate athletes' decision to seek mental health services is limited. The goal of the present review was to analyze and synthesize the current literature concerning collegiate athletes' utilization of mental health services, including the facilitators of and barriers to use of these services.MethodsThe analysis was guided and organized using a socio-ecological framework, which considered the unique context in which collegiate athletes study and perform. A total of 21 articles, published between 2005 and 2016, which concern U.S. collegiate athletes' mental health services utilization (MHSU) were selected and included for the final analysis. Conceptualizations and operationalizations of MHSU were compared and contrasted. Facilitators of and barriers to athletes MHSU were examined and summarized while appropriately considering the proximity of each factor (facilitator or barrier) to the athletes.ResultsResults showed variations in conceptualizations and operationalizations of MHSU in the articles analyzed, which made interpretation and cross comparison difficult. Collegiate athletes are willing to utilize mental health services, but gender, perceived stigma, peer norms—for athletes and coaches—plus service availability impact their MHSU.ConclusionKey stakeholders, administrators, and public health officials should partner to eliminate MHSU barriers, support facilitators, and generally empower collegiate athletes to actively manage their mental health.

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National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Players' Perceptions of Women in the Athletic Training Room Using a Role Congruity Framework

Abstract: Both quantitative and qualitative evidence were provided for the support of role congruity theory.

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Athletic Trainers: Collegiate Student-Athletes' Perceptions

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Athletic Trainers: Collegiate Student-Athletes' Perceptions

Gaining Access to Providing Medical Care to Male Sport Teams: The Female Athletic Trainer Perspective

Collegiate athletes' mental health services utilization: A systematic review of conceptualizations, operationalizations, facilitators, and barriers

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