National Food, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Survey of the Portuguese General Population (2015-2016): Protocol for Design and Development

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Objective:To assess total sugar (TS), added sugar (AS) and free sugar (FS) intakes, dietary sources, adherence to recommendations and determinants of consumption, in a Portuguese national sample.Design:Cross-sectional study. Dietary assessment was obtained by two food diaries in children aged <10 years and two non-consecutive 24 h recalls for other age groups. TS, AS and FS intakes were estimated by using SPADE software. TS content in food was estimated at the ingredient level. AS content in food was assessed through a systematic methodology and FS was based on the WHO definition.Setting:National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016), Portugal.Participants:Representative sample from the Portuguese population, aged from 3 months to 84 years (n 5811).Results:Mean daily intake and contribution to total energy intake (E%) were 84·3 g/d (18·5 E%) for TS, 32·1 g/d (6·8 E%) for AS and 35·3 g/d (7·5 E%) for FS. Of the population, 76 % adhered to the FS recommendation (FS < 10 E%). The lowest adherence was in children (51·6 %) and adolescents (51·3 %). The main dietary source of TS was fruit across all ages, except in adolescents which was soft drinks. In children, the main dietary sources of FS were yoghurts and sweets, soft drinks in adolescents and table sugar in adults/elderly. FS intake was lower in children with more educated parents and in adults who practised physical activity regularly, and higher among smokers.Conclusions:Interventions ought to be planned towards decreasing intakes of added and free sugars considering population-specific characteristics.

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The protocol and methodology of the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey of the Portuguese Population (IAN-AF 2015-2016) have been described in detail elsewhere (23,24) .…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total, added and free sugar intakes, dietary sources and determinants of consumption in Portugal: the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016)

Marinho

Severo

Correia

et al. 2019

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“…Demographic and socio-economic data, including age, sex, educational level, marital status, self-perception of financial situation and total time living in the nursing home, as well as data on self-reported morbidity, self-rated appetite in the last 7 d, eating difficulties due to oral health problems in the last 7 d, nutritional status, anthropometry, cognitive function, symptoms of depression, loneliness feelings and functional status, were collected. For demographic, socio-economic, behavioural and morbidity data, the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF) methodology was used and data were collected through the platform ‘YOU, eAT& MOVE’, developed by IAN-AF ( 31 ) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition among older adults living in Portuguese nursing homes: the PEN-3S study

Madeira

Peixoto-Plácido

Sousa-Santos

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveTo characterise the nutritional status and to identify malnutrition-associated variables of older adults living in Portuguese nursing homes.DesignCross-sectional study. Data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics, self-reported morbidity, eating-related problems, nutritional status, cognitive function, depression symptoms, loneliness feelings and functional status were collected by trained nutritionists through a computer-assisted face-to-face structured interview followed by standardised anthropometric measurements. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with being at risk of malnutrition/malnourished.SettingPortuguese nursing homes.SubjectsNationally representative sample of the Portuguese population aged 65 years or over living in nursing homes.ResultsA total of 1186 individuals (mean age 83·4 years; 72·8 % women) accepted to participate. According to the Mini Nutritional Assessment, 4·8 (95 % CI 3·2, 7·3) % were identified as malnourished and 38·7 (95 % CI 33·5, 44·2) % were at risk of malnutrition. These percentages increased with age and were significantly higher for women. Logistic regression showed (OR; 95 % CI) that older adults reporting no or little appetite (6·5; 2·7, 15·3), those revealing symptoms of depression (2·6; 1·6, 4·2) and those who were more dependent in their daily living activities (4·7; 2·0, 11·1) were also at higher odds of being malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.ConclusionsMalnutrition and risk of malnutrition are prevalent among nursing home residents in Portugal. It is crucial to routinely screen for nutritional disorders, as well as risk factors such as symptoms of depression and lower functional status, to prevent and treat malnutrition.

“…The similarities found were the prevalence of obesity, fruit and vegetable consumption and in physical activity. However, participants were younger and more educated (17) . Our interviews were conducted by highly trained observers with a nutrition background, according to standardized procedures, including objectively measured anthropometry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The representativeness of the sample was evaluated by comparison with the information from the Census 2011 (by the National Institute of Statistics), which presented a similar distribution of the resident population in Portugal. The IAN-AF 2015-2016 methodology is described in detail elsewhere (17,18) .…”

Section: Survey Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing energy intake misreporting and its effects on intake estimations, in the Portuguese adult population

Magalhães

Severo

Torres

et al. 2019

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Objective:The aim of the current study was to evaluate energy intake misreporting prevalence, its associated factors and its effects on nutrient intake, in the Portuguese population aged from 18 to 84 years.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Portugal.Subjects:Adults participants from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, IAN-AF, 2015–2016, who provided two complete 24 h dietary recall and complete covariate information.Results:Under, plausible and over-reporters were identified according to the Goldberg method. Total misreporting prevalence was 29·9 %, being 28·5 % of under-reporting and 1·4 % of over-reporting. The current study found higher odds of being classified as an under-reporter especially in participants with higher BMI and in those who self-reported health perception status as non-favourable. Energy intake estimation increases by 853.5 kJ/d (204 kcal/d) when misreporters are excluded, and the same tendency is observed for macro and micronutrients. It is worth mentioning that the prevalence of inadequacy for protein intake decreases by about 5 % when considering plausible reporters.Conclusions:The exclusion of misreporters has a small impact on the crude energy and nutrient estimates as well as on assessing the contribution of nutrients to total energy intake. However, a moderate impact was observed in the estimation of nutrient inadequacy prevalence.