National immunisation campaigns with oral polio vaccine may reduce all-cause mortality: Analysis of 2004–2019 demographic surveillance data in rural Bangladesh

Nielsen, Sebastian; Khalek, Md. Abdul; Benn, Christine Stabell; Aaby, Péter; Hanifi, Syed Manzoor Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100886

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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Section: Exposure and Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described elsewhere [1], information on campaigns was obtained from the Chakaria HDSS and from the local World Health Organisation (WHO) office in Bangladesh. We used this information unless otherwise stated [1]. We had also data on OPV campaigns from the WHO international office in Geneva that provided a database of all OPV campaigns conducted globally.…”

Section: Exposure and Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 2004-2011 period there were 17 C-OPVs and the mortality rate in the community declined 34% (4-54%) after C-OPV-only. In the subsequent period from 2012-2019, there were only four C-OPVs between January 2012 and January 2014 and the reduction in mortality was 32% (−4-56%) after C-OPV-only [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies from Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Guinea-Bissau have found that campaigns with oral polio vaccine (C-OPV) are associated with marked reductions in the child mortality rate [1][2][3][4][5]. There has been no study in low-income countries of whether this beneficial effect of C-OPV is general or specific to certain infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 2012 to 2019, the HDSS conducted verbal autopsies of all child deaths. We previously reported that C-OPVs reduced under-three mortality by 31% (95% CI: 10-48%) between 2004 and 2019 [1]. In connection with a change in data collection platform in 2012, the HDSS started to collect verbal autopsies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Polio Vaccine Campaigns May Reduce the Risk of Death from Respiratory Infections

et al. 2021

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Oral polio vaccine (OPV) campaigns, but not other campaigns, have been associated with major reductions in child mortality. Studies have shown that OPV reduces the risk of respiratory infections. We analysed the causes of death at 0–2 years of age in Chakaria, a health and demographic surveillance Systems in Bangladesh, in the period 2012–2019 where 13 national campaigns with combinations of OPV (n = 4), vitamin A supplementation (n = 9), measles vaccine (MV) (n = 2), and albendazole (n = 2) were implemented. OPV-only campaigns reduced overall mortality by 30% (95% confidence interval: −10–56%). Deaths from respiratory infections were reduced by 62% (20–82%, p = 0.01) in the post-neonatal period (1–35 months), whereas there was as slight increase of 19% (−37–127%, p = 0.54) for deaths from other causes. There was no benefit of other types of campaigns. Hence, the hypothesis that OPV may have beneficial non-specific effects, protecting particularly against respiratory infections, was confirmed.

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Section: Exposure and Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure and Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Polio Vaccine Campaigns May Reduce the Risk of Death from Respiratory Infections

et al. 2021

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Immune Memory in Aging: a Wide Perspective Covering Microbiota, Brain, Metabolism, and Epigenetics

Bulut

Kılıç

Domínguez‐Andrés

2021

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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Non-specific innate and antigen-specific adaptive immunological memories are vital evolutionary adaptations that confer long-lasting protection against a wide range of pathogens. Adaptive memory is established by memory T and B lymphocytes following the recognition of an antigen. On the other hand, innate immune memory, also called trained immunity, is imprinted in innate cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. However, these mechanisms of memory generation and maintenance are compromised as organisms age. Almost all immune cell types, both mature cells and their progenitors, go through age-related changes concerning numbers and functions. The aging immune system renders the elderly highly susceptible to infections and incapable of mounting a proper immune response upon vaccinations. Besides the increased infectious burden, older individuals also have heightened risks of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, which have an immunological component. This review discusses how immune function, particularly the establishment and maintenance of innate and adaptive immunological memory, regulates and is regulated by epigenetics, metabolic processes, gut microbiota, and the central nervous system throughout life, with a focus on old age. We explain in-depth how epigenetics and cellular metabolism impact immune cell function and contribute or resist the aging process. Microbiota is intimately linked with the immune system of the human host, and therefore, plays an important role in immunological memory during both homeostasis and aging. The brain, which is not an immune-isolated organ despite former opinion, interacts with the peripheral immune cells, and the aging of both systems influences the health of each other. With all these in mind, we aimed to present a comprehensive view of the aging immune system and its consequences, especially in terms of immunological memory. The review also details the mechanisms of promising anti-aging interventions and highlights a few, namely, caloric restriction, physical exercise, metformin, and resveratrol, that impact multiple facets of the aging process, including the regulation of innate and adaptive immune memory. We propose that understanding aging as a complex phenomenon, with the immune system at the center role interacting with all the other tissues and systems, would allow for more effective anti-aging strategies.

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COVID-19 vaccine development based on recombinant viral and bacterial vector systems: combinatorial effect of adaptive and trained immunity

Lee

Kim

2022

J Microbiol.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to many cases and deaths worldwide. Therefore, a number of vaccine candidates have been developed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, to date, 21 vaccines have received emergency approval for human use in at least one country. However, the recent global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has compromised the efficacy of the currently available vaccines. To protect against these variants, the use of vaccines that modulate T cell-mediated immune responses or innate immune cell memory function, termed trained immunity, is needed. The major advantage of a vaccine that uses bacteria or viral systems for the delivery of COVID-19 antigens is the ability to induce both T cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. In addition, such vaccine systems can also exert off-target effects via the vector itself, mediated partly through trained immunity; compared to other vaccine platforms, suggesting that this approach can provide better protection against even vaccine escape variants. This review presents the current status of the development of COVID-19 vaccines based on recombinant viral and bacterial delivery systems. We also discuss the current status of the use of licensed live vaccines for other infections, including BCG, oral polio and MMR vaccines, to prevent COVID-19 infections.

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National immunisation campaigns with oral polio vaccine may reduce all-cause mortality: Analysis of 2004–2019 demographic surveillance data in rural Bangladesh

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Oral Polio Vaccine Campaigns May Reduce the Risk of Death from Respiratory Infections

Oral Polio Vaccine Campaigns May Reduce the Risk of Death from Respiratory Infections

Immune Memory in Aging: a Wide Perspective Covering Microbiota, Brain, Metabolism, and Epigenetics

COVID-19 vaccine development based on recombinant viral and bacterial vector systems: combinatorial effect of adaptive and trained immunity

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