National surveillance of Salmonella enterica in food-producing animals in Japan

Abstract

A total of 518 fecal samples collected from 183 apparently healthy cattle, 180 pigs and 155 broilers throughout Japan in 1999 were examined to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella. The isolation rates were 36.1% in broilers, 2.8% in pigs and 0.5% in cattle. S. enterica Infantis was the most frequent isolate, found in 22.6% of broiler fecal samples. Higher resistance rates were observed against oxytetracycline (82.0%), dihydrostreptomycin (77.9%), kanamycin (41.0%) and trimethoprim (35.2%). Resistance rates to ampicillin, ceftiofur, bicozamycin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid were <10%. CTX-M-2 β-lactamase producing S. enterica Senftenberg was found in the isolates obtained from one broiler fecal sample. This is the first report of cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella directly isolated from food animal in Japan.

Antibiotic resistance phenotypes of Salmonella isolates of broiler meat and chicken origin

“…Previously, high resistance to erythromycin in broiler Salmonella isolates was reported by Bekele and Ashenafi (3), who similarly had detected high resistance results for penicillin G, doxycycline hydrochloride in parallel to our findings. Also, the resistance rates determined in this study for the chicken isolates were in agreement with previous reports for tetracycline (5,12), oxytetracycline (10), ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin (5), enrofloxacin and penicillin G (14), cephalexin and cephazolin (3), streptomycin and ampicillin (3,5,12), amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (3), and ceftiofur (10). The resistance rate observed in the broiler isolates for sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim 19:1 was relatively lower than previously reported by Ishihara et al (10) in chicken isolates.…”

“…When our isolates' resistance results are compared based on the common antimicrobials used in these studies, relatively lower resistance rates to streptomycin (3, 15, 17, 18, 23), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim 19:1 (4,10,17,22,23) and to oxytetracycline (10) were found in our study to those previously reported.…”

“…There were almost equivalent number of studies reporting higher (17,18,22,23) and lower (10,15,16,21) resistances compared to our ampicillin resistance rates.…”

“…In recent years, there are several reports on Salmonella isolates that are resistant to several antimicrobial agents (Multi Drug Resistant -MDR) both in the developed and developing countries from chicken meat (4,15,17,18,21,22,23), and from chickens (3,5,7,10,12). The emergence of these MDR Salmonella has significant outcomes for the safety of the food supply, namely chicken meat, directly as a source of MDR Salmonella, and indirectly as a reservoir of antimicrobial genetic elements that can be exchanged between intestinal bacteria (2).…”

Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Food Animals and Gastroenteritis Cases in Qatar

“…Food animals are known to be reservoirs for foodborne pathogens, therefore food products from these animals could be considered a threat to the safety of the food supply chain, putting humans at risk of contracting salmonellosis (David et al, 2013;Gorski et al, 2011;Ishihara et al, 2009;Wahlström, Andersson, Plym-Forshell, & Pires, 2011). Perpetuation of pathogens in the environment may exacerbate the risk of salmonellosis as well from direct exposure through occupational practices (LeJeune & Kersting, 2010;Saeed & Hamid, 2010).…”