National systems of innovations are “x-efficient” (and x-effective)

Niosi, Jorge

doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(01)00142-1

Cited by 247 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For example, Fai and von Tunzelmann (2001) show that the technological profiles of a number of industrial sectors are characterized by long-lasting specificity; Martin (2010) relates path dependency to various forms of localized forms of industrial specialization; Essletzbichler and Winther (1999) demonstrate that the Danish food processing industry is characterized by persistent regional differences in production technologies; and Narula (2002) argues that technological specialization patterns vary between national innovation systems and exemplifies this with the case of the Norwegian national innovation system, with its stable 4 specialization in low-technology, resource-based sectors (cf. also Niosi, 2002;Rycroft and Kash, 2002;Cantwell and Vertova, 2004;Boschma and Frenken, 2006;Storz, 2008;Fagerberg et al, 2009). 2 As this overview shows, the technological path concept is primarily associated with persistence, either in the form of irreversible choices between competing (and mutually excluding) technologies or in the form of technological specialization patterns which are studied at a quite aggregate level, for example in the form of technology portfolios of firms or countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is one path enough? Multiple paths and path interaction as an extension of path dependency theory

Bergek

Onufrey

2013

Industrial and Corporate Change

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In order to explain the development of multi-technology companies and industries where several alternative technologies co-exist and interact over long time periods, this paper suggests an extension of path dependency theory by providing a conceptualization of the path notion which incorporates the theoretical possibility of multiple paths and path interaction. The conceptualization is applied to a patent study of three leading companies in the lighting industry: General Electric, Osram/Siemens and Philips. The study shows technology development patterns that are characterized by strong persistence, both within each path and across the whole technology field. These results demonstrate that multiple technological paths can co-exist in companies and industries, characterized by simultaneous long-term presence of several technologies. In such cases, path interaction takes place both between co-existing paths and when new, radically different paths are created. Although further studies are needed to identify the underlying self-reinforcing mechanisms, there is a clear indication that technological path dependency is not restricted to unitary progression patterns, as implied by previous conceptualizations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is one path enough? Multiple paths and path interaction as an extension of path dependency theory

Bergek

Onufrey

2013

Industrial and Corporate Change

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“…With respect to this, there has been interest among scholars to embody national innovation system literature into technology transfer studies. The concept of national innovation system originated by Freeman (1987) was supported by theoretical contribution of Lundvall (1992), by empirical case studies of Nelson (1993), by sectoral perspective of Breschi and Malerba (1997) and Malerba (2002Malerba ( , 2004 and slightly contextualised in technology transfer literature by Bugliarello (1996) and Niosi (2002). Malerba and Nelson (2007, p.4), comment that "firms do not act alone.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Externalities in North-South technology transfer: the case of CNG engines in Iran

Majidpour

2012

WRSTSD

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This contribution focuses on illuminating the challenges and difficulties of North-South technology transfer. The central message of this paper is that North-South technology transfer is not simply a contract between two transacting firms and does not depend only on intra-firm and inter-firm factors. The process may also be influenced by a number of external factors, beyond the control or power of project managers. However, understanding of these external factors greatly influences the success of firms' technological development. These externalities could arise from North-South contexts variances, international atmosphere and even by different levels of both sides' actors involved in the process. Using an in-depth case study analysis for collaboration between Iranian and German companies, this article develops a clearer understanding of external factors which affect the cross-border technology transfer process.

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“…providing the wrong incentives, providing faulty information, allocation of insufficient resources, or fuelling conflicts. Niosi (2002) called this phenomenon the x-efficiency (and x-effectiveness) of national innovation systems.…”

Section: Literature Review and The Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of National Innovation Systems – Poland and Bulgaria in The Context of the Global Innovation Index

Jankowska

Matysek-Jędrych

Mroczek-Dąbrowska

2017

CER

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The purpose of this paper is to explain how national innovation systems may transform innovation input into innovation output in different counties. Using the Global Innovation Index (GII) we discuss what can be understood by the term ‘innovation’ and how it is translated into the national level. The research question is founded on the assumption that the higher the innovation input, the higher the innovation output attained by a country. We use cluster analysis to verify our assumption, referring to a total of 228 countries. Afterwards we conduct a more in‑depth analysis of two cases (Poland and Bulgaria), where the research question does not find confirmation. Using the cross‑comparison method we aim to verify how and why national innovation systems failed (or succeeded) in creating innovations.

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National systems of innovations are “x-efficient” (and x-effective)

Cited by 247 publications

References 30 publications

Is one path enough? Multiple paths and path interaction as an extension of path dependency theory

Is one path enough? Multiple paths and path interaction as an extension of path dependency theory

Externalities in North-South technology transfer: the case of CNG engines in Iran

Efficiency of National Innovation Systems – Poland and Bulgaria in The Context of the Global Innovation Index

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