National Trends in Staphylococcus aureus Infection Rates: Impact on Economic Burden and Mortality over a 6-Year Period (1998-2003)

Noskin, Gary A.; Rubin, Robert J.; Schentag, Jerome J.; Kluytmans, Jan; Hedblom, Edwin C.; Jacobson, Cassie; Smulders, Maartje; Gemmen, Eric; Bharmal, Murtuza

doi:10.1086/522186

Cited by 169 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…They are classified into coagulase-positive staphylococci (e.g., S. aureus and S. intermedius) and CoNS by their ability to produce coagulase (11). Within the genus Staphylococcus, S. aureus is the most important human pathogen, while the CoNS play roles mainly in opportunistic infections (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Sa Select , a Chromogenic Medium for Detection of Staphylococci in Clinical Specimens

Hirvonen¹,

Kerttula²,

Kaukoranta³

2014

J Clin Microbiol

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bIn a preliminary study, known staphylococcus (n ‫؍‬ 86) and other microbial (n ‫؍‬ 12) isolates were plated on three chromogenic media, SaSelect (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA), CHROMagar Staph. aureus (CHROMagar Microbiology, Paris, France), and S. aureus ID (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). The sensitivities of all the media to detect Staphylococcus aureus after 24 h of incubation were high (100.0%). However, their specificities varied at 93.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 86.0% to 100.0%) (CHROMagar Staph. aureus), 97.8% (95% CI, 93.5% to 100.0%) (S. aureus ID), and 100.0% (SaSelect). SaSelect also showed the highest sensitivity for recovery and differentiation of other staphylococci. As the best performing chromogenic medium, SaSelect was then prospectively compared to conventional culture and identification tests for the detection of staphylococci from 2,780 clinical specimens. A total of 1,589 staphylococcal isolates were recovered. Of these, 912 were S. aureus and 677 were other staphylococci. The sensitivity and specificity of SaSelect to detect S. aureus in clinical specimens after 24 h of incubation were 99.6% and 99.9% (95% CI, 99.2% to 100.0% and 99.8% to 100.0%), respectively, whereas the sensitivity and specificity using conventional plates combined with laboratory identification methods were 96.8% and 99.5% (95% CI, 95.7 to 97.9% and 99.2% to 99.8%). For the recovery and preliminary identification of other staphylococci, the sensitivity and specificity of SaSelect were 94.4% and 99.9%. SaSelect is a well-performing chromogenic medium that significantly improved the detection of staphylococci, especially S. aureus, compared to conventional culture (P < 0.0001).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Sa Select , a Chromogenic Medium for Detection of Staphylococci in Clinical Specimens

Hirvonen¹,

Kerttula²,

Kaukoranta³

2014

J Clin Microbiol

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“…1,[21][22][23][24] Other studies have reported incidences of S. aureus SSI of 0.4-11.6 infections per 100 procedures for cardiothoracic procedures 1,7,[25][26][27] and 0.12-0.73 infections per 100 procedures for orthopedic procedures. [28][29][30][31] The reported incidence of postoperative S. aureus BSI after cardiothoracic procedures is 0.60-1.09 infections per 100 procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The median time to onset of S. aureus SSI after surgery was 19 days (IQR, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], whereas the time to onset of S. aureus BSI was 18 days (IQR, 10-44).…”

Section: Overall Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Type and Frequency of Postoperative Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Infections According to Type of Surgical Procedure

Anderson

Arduino

Reed

et al. 2010

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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Objective.To determine the epidemiological characteristics of postoperative invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection following 4 types of major surgical procedures.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Setting.Eleven hospitals (9 community hospitals and 2 tertiary care hospitals) in North Carolina and Virginia.Patients.Adults undergoing orthopedic, neurosurgical, cardiothoracic, and plastic surgical procedures.Methods.We used previously validated, prospectively collected surgical surveillance data for surgical site infection and microbiological data for bloodstream infection. The study period was 2003 through 2006. We defined invasive S. aureus infection as either nonsuperficial incisional surgical site infection or bloodstream infection. Nonparametric bootstrapping was used to generate 95% confidence intervals (CIs). P values were generated using the Pearson x2 test, Student t test, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as appropriate.Results.In total, 81,267 patients underwent 96,455 procedures during the study period. The overall incidence of invasive S. aureus infection was 0.47 infections per 100 procedures (95% CI, 0.43–0.52); 227 (51%) of 446 infections were due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Invasive S. aureus infection was more common after cardiothoracic procedures (incidence, 0.79 infections per 100 procedures [95% CI, 0.62–0.97]) than after orthopedic procedures (0.37 infections per 100 procedures [95% CI, 0.32–0.42]), neurosurgical procedures (0.62 infections per 100 procedures [95% CI, 0.53–0.72]), or plastic surgical procedures (0.32 infections per 100 procedures [95% CI, 0.17¬0.47]) (P < .001). Similarly, S. aureus bloodstream infection was most common after cardiothoracic procedures (incidence, 0.57 infections per 100 procedures [95% CI, 0.43–0.72]; P < .001, compared with other procedure types), comprising almost three-quarters of the invasive S. aureus infections after these procedures. The highest rate of surgical site infection was observed after neurosurgical procedures (incidence, 0.50 infections per 100 procedures [95% CI, 0.42–0.59]; P < .001, compared with other procedure types), comprising 80% of invasive S. aureus infections after these procedures.Conclusion.The frequency and type of postoperative invasive S. aureus infection varied significantly across procedure types. The highest risk procedures, such as cardiothoracic procedures, should be targeted for ongoing preventative interventions.

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“…It is also one of the most common causes of infections in patients in intensive care [44,53], with nosocomial bloodstream infections [37], and with healthcare-associated pneumonia [35,50]. S. aureus is a Gram-positive aerobic bacteria often found in normal skin flora [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Screening and Decolonization in Orthopaedic Surgery and Reduction of Surgical Site Infections

Chen

Wessel

Rao

2013

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

172

100

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National Trends in Staphylococcus aureus Infection Rates: Impact on Economic Burden and Mortality over a 6-Year Period (1998-2003)

Cited by 169 publications

References 24 publications

Performance of Sa Select , a Chromogenic Medium for Detection of Staphylococci in Clinical Specimens

Performance of Sa Select , a Chromogenic Medium for Detection of Staphylococci in Clinical Specimens

Variation in the Type and Frequency of Postoperative Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Infections According to Type of Surgical Procedure

Staphylococcus aureus Screening and Decolonization in Orthopaedic Surgery and Reduction of Surgical Site Infections

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