National Water Data Program

Hackett, O.M.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1966.tb01637.x

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The studies, however, led to the rationale for a national network that continues to be used by the U.S. Geological Survey. This rationale was described first by Hackett [1966] and refined later by Langford and Davis [1970], and it recognizes three concepts. These concepts are that (1) data must be collected with an understanding of the way the hydrologic system operates and the stresses that are imposed on it, (2) an optimum mix of research, synoptic studies, and data collection must be included to provide the information necessary to address the problems in resource utilization and environmental management, and (3) data are often used for purposes other than those planned originally and by people other than those who collected the data originally.…”

Section: Designing the National Water Data Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The National Water Data Network: A case history

Langford¹,

Kapinos²

1979

Water Resources Research

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In 1964 the Bureau of the Budget (now the Office of Management and Budget) issued Circular A‐67 to coordinate water data acquisition activities by federal agencies. Under Circular A‐67 the Department of the Interior's Office of Water Data Coordination (OWDC) has the responsibility to (1) maintain a catalog of information on water data, (2) undertake a continuing review of water data requirements, (3) prepare a federal plan for efficient utilization of water data activities, and (4) design a national water data network. A concept of three levels of information was developed as the rationale for national network planning. The three levels are level I, a base level of information for national and regional planning and assessment; level II, data needs for subregional planning and assessment; and level III, data for operation and management at the local level. Several elements of level I of the national network have been totally or partially implemented, including (1) the streamflow and stream quality accounting elements, (2) the water use accounting element, (3) the water quality surveillance element, and (4) the flood surveillance element. The National Water Data Network is coordinated through an interagency process involving more than 30 federal agencies and numerous nonfederal organizations interested in water data acquisition. As part of this coordination process the Catalog of Information on Water Data is maintained and is used as the basis for planning and operation of the network. Through the National Water Data Exchange, established as an outgrowth of the coordination activity, the water data information base is being expanded continually.

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Section: Designing the National Water Data Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The National Water Data Network: A case history

Langford¹,

Kapinos²

1979

Water Resources Research

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“…When a comprehensive rainfall dataset from a catchment area is thoroughly complied and densely collected over a prolonged period, water resource planning for the area is more likely to be developed and accomplished safely and successfully. Hence, the objective of a rainfall network is to design hydraulic structures efficiently and economically, according to the researched rainfall data (Hackett 1966). However, owing to the topography, rain patterns, and effects of time, the spatial and temporal distributions of precipitation are uneven; subsequently, planning a rain gauge station is a challenging task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy and kriging approach to rainfall network design

Yeh

Chen

Wei

et al. 2011

Paddy Water Environ

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Hydrological data are the basic ingredients for planning, constructing, and operating of hydraulic structures. A well-designed rainfall network can accurately provide and reflect the information of rainfall in a catchment. However, in past studies, the required number and optimal location of rain gauge stations have yet to produce a satisfactory result. A more accurate design is required. Hence, in this study, a proposed model composed of kriging and entropy with probability distribution function is introduced to relocate the rainfall network and to obtain the optimal design with the minimum number of rain gauges. The ordinary kriging is used to generate rainfall data of potential locations where rain gauge stations may be installed. The information entropy based on probability is used to measure the uncertainty of rainfall distribution. The probability distribution function will be introduced to fit the statistical characteristics of data of the rain gauges. By calculating the joint entropy and the transferable information, the relocated rain gauges are prioritized and the minimum number and location of the rain gauges in the catchment can be obtained to construct the optimal rainfall network to replace the existing rainfall network.

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“…The objective of a rainfall network is to design hydraulic structures efficiently and economically, according to the researched rainfall data [1]. However, because of topography, rain patterns, and effects of time, the spatial and temporal distributions of precipitation are uneven.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Scaling Effect on Rainfall Network Design Using Entropy

Wei

Yeh

Chen

2014

Entropy

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Because of high variation in mountainous areas, rainfall data at different spatiotemporal scales may yield potential uncertainty for network design. However, few studies focus on the scaling effect on both the spatial and the temporal scale. By calculating the maximum joint entropy of hourly typhoon events, monthly, six dry and wet months and annual rainfall between 1992 and 2012 for 1-, 3-, and 5-km grids, the relocated candidate rain gauges in the National Taiwan University Experimental Forest of Central Taiwan are prioritized. The results show: (1) the network exhibits different locations for first prioritized candidate rain gauges for different spatiotemporal scales; (2) the effect of spatial scales is insignificant compared to temporal scales; and (3) a smaller number and a lower percentage of required stations (PRS) reach stable joint entropy for a long duration at finer spatial scale. Prioritized candidate rain gauges provide key reference points for adjusting the network to capture more accurate information and minimize redundancy.

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National Water Data Program

Abstract: This article presents an approach to planning a national water data network. Involved are three principal steps: the inventory of existing data and data activities; the establishing of needs for data; and, a design for a system to efficiently fill these needs.

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

The National Water Data Network: A case history

The National Water Data Network: A case history

Entropy and kriging approach to rainfall network design

Spatiotemporal Scaling Effect on Rainfall Network Design Using Entropy

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