Nationwide Cerebrovascular Disease Morbidity Study

SUMMARY One hundred fifty-five patients (121 men and 34 women) had an angiographically verified unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion immediately after carotid bifurcation. The median follow-up period was 53 months. Forty-fire percent of the patients were fully independent in the activities of daily living (ADL), 22% required assistance in ADL, 11% were disabled, and 22% died within the follow-up period. The mortality rate was exceptionally low compared with previous series. A life-table analysis of the material gave a 94% probability of surviving the first year, 84% the third year, and 78% the fifth year.Young age was favorable in regard to functional recovery, but it had no influence on mortality. The condition at the acute stage was the most important clinical sign in predicting the prognosis. The prognosis of mortality and functional recovery was poorer for smokers than for nonsmokers, and hypertension had no effect on prognosis. Cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease were found to be the cause of death with equal frequency in this study.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prognosis of patients with unilateral extracranial occlusion of the internal carotid artery.

Waltimo¹,

Kaste²,

Fogelholm³

1976

“…Konishi, et al M found that 58% of patients with cerebral hemorrhage had serum cholesterol levels lower than 180 mg %, while only 39% of patients with cerebral infarction had serum cholesterols at that low level. Hirota et al in an analysis of cerebrovascular disease from the Hisayama study 38 found age, hypertension, proteinuria, and electrocardiographic evidence of high amplitude R and depressed ST segments, as risk factors for stroke. They found no association with serum lipid levels.…”

Section: Figure 5 Incidence Of Thromboembolic Stroke According To Numentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors related to stroke incidence in Hawaii Japanese men. The Honolulu Heart Study.

Kagan¹,

Popper²,

Rhoads³

1980

204

100

SUMMARY As part of an ongoing longitudinal study of coronary heart disease and stroke among Japanese men in Hawaii, 8,006 men of Japanese ancestry living on the island of Oahu and aged 45-68 at entry examination have been followed by reexamination and surveillance. One hundred and eleven were found to have evidence of prior stroke at the time of the initial examination. During a six-year follow up period of the remaining 7,895 men, 94 developed definite thromboembolic stroke, 33 definite intracranial hemorrhage, and 6 developed stroke of unknown type. The principal risk factors for thromboembolic stroke were: elevated blood pressure, glucose intolerance, age, and electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy or strain. Attributes associated with increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage were elevated blood pressure, electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy or strain, and alcohol intake. Serum cholesterol level was negatively associated with risk of intracranial hemorrhage.

“…4 A study of hospitalized stroke patients revealed that the incidence of stroke is higher in the high stroke death rate areas in the U.S. 5 The autopsy studies have also revealed geographic variations in the frequency of cerebral atherosclerosis. The highest frequency of cerebral atherosclerosis is found in the Japanese and Finnish populations and lowest in the Polish population; the Norwegian, Greek, Italian and Minnesota populations show frequencies between these extremes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease in Tartu, Estonia, USSR, 1970 through 1973.

Zupping¹,

Roose²

1976

SUMMARY This study was undertaken to establish the incidence and mortality for various types of cerebrovascular disease in the population of Tartu. All medical records for this population were reviewed for the period 1970 through 1973, and those with a diagnosis of brain infarction, transient ischemic attacks, cerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage were identified. Only the first stroke was considered when determining incidence. A total of 786 cases were included in the study. Without cases of transient ischemic attacks, the number was 667 (e.g., cases of stroke). Cerebral infarction accounted for 80% of all strokes, cerebral hemorrhage for 13.5% and subarachnoid hemorrhage for 6.5%. The incidence rate for stroke was higher for men than for women and significantly increased in each older age group. The rate for all persons was 184 per 100,000 population per year. The incidence of transient ischemic attacks was 33 per 100,000 population per year. The mortality rate for stroke for this population was 98/100,000 per year. The data on incidence of stroke and its types, its dependence on age and sex, and mortality rate are close to the corresponding data reported from other countries.