Native American women and men: Migration and urbanization

Harris, Betty J.

doi:10.1080/00988157.1999.9978225

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Instead, urban Native American communities have become increasingly resilient and resourceful, not only politically and socially, as mentioned above, but also culturally (Fixico, 2000;Lang, 2001). Pan-Indian organizations and traditions that intermix those of reservation and tribal communities have developed in urban areas, drawing together Native Americans from different nations/tribes (Fixico, 2000;Harris, 1999;Lang, 2001). In addition, rather than being cut off from their cultural and social roots in the reservation communities, urban Indians have developed and maintained important symbiotic connections to them.…”

Section: Native Americans In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beginning in 1952, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) arranged the relocation of thousands of Native American to urban areas such as Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Denver, Seattle, Oklahoma City, etc. under the Indian Relocation Act (Harris, 1999;Shumway & Jackson, 1995). As with the earlier policies such as the boarding schools, the aim of the Indian Relocation Act was to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream settler/immigrant American culture (Harris, 1999).…”

Section: Native Americans In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…under the Indian Relocation Act (Harris, 1999;Shumway & Jackson, 1995). As with the earlier policies such as the boarding schools, the aim of the Indian Relocation Act was to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream settler/immigrant American culture (Harris, 1999). Although the first generation of reservation Indians to be relocated by the BIA embraced the chance for economic opportunities that urban areas promised, the government offered no ongoing support in the difficult transition from rural to urban life.…”

Section: Native Americans In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the BIA promoted outmoded economic strategies for the reservations, family-run white businesses emerged on the peripheries of reservations. These businesses represented most of the local economic activity, but offered few if any economic opportunities for Native Americans (Harris, 1989(Harris, , 1999. Furthermore, the physical infrastructure, such as major roads and railroads, was situated so as to serve the white settlers, rather than the reservations.…”

Section: Native Americans In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the physical infrastructure, such as major roads and railroads, was situated so as to serve the white settlers, rather than the reservations. As a result of this multifaceted and protracted process of impoverishment, rural Native Americans were found to suffer from an array of negative socio-economic factors, including low per capita incomes, substandard, overcrowded housing, and malnutrition, all of which were transported with them when they moved from rural to urban areas (Harris, 1999;Jorgensen, 1971).…”

Section: Native Americans In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Spatial Transformation and Indigenous Resistance

Abu-Saad

2008

American Behavioral Scientist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indigenous peoples share a history of exclusion from the dominant society decisionmaking processes that directly affect them, including their displacement and relocation, development initiatives, and the process of urbanization. This article begins with a review of indigenous experiences of and responses to urbanization in a number of nation-states throughout the world. It then examines the experience of the indigenous Palestinian Bedouin community in southern Israel, whose traditional lifestyle of land-based seminomadic pastoralism is being replaced by landless, labor force, government-planned urbanization. Issues of key importance to that process are explored, including the historical political context and stateindigenous relations, the conflict over land, and the settler-colonial vision inherent in the conceptualization and implementation of the urban models. Finally, Bedouin responses and resistance to the government's urbanization program are discussed.A lthough modern academic discourse has moved into an era of postcolonialism, New Zealand Maori scholar, Linda Tuhiwai Smith (1999) points out that for indigenous peoples, the colonial era has not yet ended. Around the globe, we continue to confront evolving colonial strategies that threaten indigenous ways of life, lands, resources, and knowledge. These strategies run the gambit from extermination, removal, and reservations to assimilation and urbanization. This article begins with a review of indigenous experiences of and responses to urbanization in a number of nation-states throughout the world. It then provides an in-depth examination of the evolving Israeli policies toward the indigenous Palestinian Bedouin community of the Negev Desert in southern Israel, culminating in their forced urbanization.

show abstract

Section: Native Americans In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%