Native-exotic richness relationships in second-growth forests differ along a gradient of land-use history

Holmes, Marion A.; Whitacre, James; Bennion, Leland D.; Poteet, Jessica; Kuebbing, Sara E.

doi:10.1007/s10980-021-01355-y

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Our study was conducted at Powdermill Nature Reserve (PNR), a preserve and field station in southwestern Pennsylvania managed by the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (1999, https://carnegiemnh.org/visit-powdermill/). The reserve has a regularly used trail network beginning at the visitor center and contains abundant non‐native species that are well documented by previous studies (Holmes et al, 2021, 2022; Calinger et al, 2015). Notably, previous plant surveys found non‐native species planted near buildings and trailheads (Utech, 1999), which have the potential to spread and invade into the surrounding forest via the trail networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Additionally, the trails in PNR are proximate to areas in the reserve with multiple different land‐use histories, including agriculture and timber harvesting (Calinger et al, 2015; Murphy et al, 2015). These historical disturbances allowed for the extensive invasion of the land prior to trail construction (Calinger et al, 2015; Holmes et al, 2021, 2022). An extensive review of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History's herbarium records for PNR found a total of 297 non‐native species recorded as present in the reserve — including in planted garden areas as well as unplanted forested areas — out of a total 851 recorded species (Utech, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hiking trailheads, but not trailsides, associated with higher cover of non‐native plants’ trail impact on non‐native plant cover

Aziz

Holmes

Bennion

et al. 2023

Applied Vegetation Science

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Question: Natural areas are commonly managed for multiple purposes, including both conservation and recreational use. Hiking trails are an extremely common feature in natural areas that enable recreational use, but trail construction and use can also facilitate the spread of non-native species by altering trailside conditions, creating disturbances, and acting as a conduit for non-native propagules to be carried into the backcountry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hiking trailheads, but not trailsides, associated with higher cover of non‐native plants’ trail impact on non‐native plant cover

Aziz

Holmes

Bennion

et al. 2023

Applied Vegetation Science

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“…We assessed landscape composition and collected data on land‐use history. Both surrounding landscape composition and land‐use history can affect immigration rates of non‐sown native and exotic species (Hobbs & Huenneke, 1992; Holmes et al, 2022; Meiners et al, 2004) and therefore may alter the ratio of native to exotic species richness (Lonsdale, 1999; Simberloff, 2009). To assess how different landscapes influenced immigration rates, we identified the area of forest, grassland, wetland, and row crops and developed land within 500 m of the center of each site in ArcGIS (Grman et al, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed sowing shifts native–exotic richness relationships in favor of natives during restoration

Bassett,

Grman,

Brudvig

2024

Ecosphere

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A central goal of ecological restoration is to promote diverse ecosystems dominated by native species, but restorations are often plagued by exotic species. A better understanding of factors underlying positive correlations between native and exotic species richness, a pattern that is nearly ubiquitous at large scales in plant communities, may help managers modify these correlations to favor native plant species during restoration. Across 29 tallgrass prairie sites restored through seed sowing onto former agricultural lands, we examined whether the relationship between native and exotic richness is (1) altered by management, such as seed additions and prescribed fire; (2) controlled instead by environmental conditions and successional processes; or (3) altered by management in certain environments and not in others. As is commonly found, native and exotic richness were positively correlated at large scales (i.e., across sites) in this study. Management actions explained much of the remaining variation in native richness, while environmental conditions explained very little. Sites sown with more species at higher seeding rates, especially forb species, had higher native richness than predicted by the native–exotic richness relationship. In contrast, native richness was lower in older restorations than predicted by the native–exotic richness relationship, because native richness, and not exotic richness, declined with restoration age. We show that management actions such as seed sowing can modify the native–exotic richness relationship to favor native species during restoration. The development of management actions that mitigate native species richness declines over time will further benefit native species restoration.

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“…Several studies have tried to compare the assembly processes of native and introduced species in natural communities (e.g. Duffin et al., 2019; Funk et al., 2016; Gallien et al., 2015; Holmes et al., 2022; Ibanez et al., 2019; Ordonez, 2014; Tecco et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2022). Some of these studies compared patterns of taxonomic diversity and composition (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these studies compared patterns of taxonomic diversity and composition (e.g. Holmes et al., 2022; Ibanez et al., 2019). However, a drawback of this approach is that similar patterns of taxonomic diversity can arise under different assembly processes (Münkemüller et al., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar trait‐based successional assembly in native and introduced plants despite species pool differences

Poddar,

Gurevitch,

Meiners

et al. 2024

Journal of Ecology

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What drives the composition of invaded communities and the local abundance of introduced species are key questions in ecology. Community‐assembly theory provides a useful framework for addressing these questions. Specifically, the environmental filtering model of community assembly predicts that a species' presence and abundance in a community depend on the interaction between its functional traits and the local environmental filters. However, for introduced species, larger‐scale dispersal and introduction‐related filters may restrict their regional trait pool. Here, we tested this framework using long‐term data from 50+ years of old‐field vegetation succession. We asked whether native and introduced plant assemblages followed the same trait‐based assembly rules. We also asked whether local functional dissimilarities between the two can be explained by regional species pool differences, a possibility that has rarely been addressed. We found strong similarities in the assembly processes of native and introduced plants. Average height and seed mass of both groups increased over time, consistent with previous studies of old‐field succession. Moreover, the two showed similar trait–abundance relationships. While there were also some differences, particularly in their trait–incidence relationships, these differences appeared to be minor. Furthermore, we identified species pool constraints on introduced species and found that the exotic species pool was biased towards early successional traits. Lastly, we found that highly invasive exotic species were also likely to deviate from the expected trait–abundance relationship, suggesting a link between the two. These results imply that introduced species generally follow the same assembly rules as native species. They also indicate that species pool differences can result in local functional composition differences, even when the two groups follow the same assembly rules. Moreover, there may be a link between species invasiveness and deviation from assembly rules, which, if further confirmed, provides a potential method of identifying strong invaders. Synthesis: Using data from a long‐term succession study, we showed several similarities, and some differences, in the assembly of native and introduced species assemblages. Our results provide a better understanding of the factors constraining and allowing invasion, and help in the identification of ‘rule breaking’ invaders.

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Native-exotic richness relationships in second-growth forests differ along a gradient of land-use history

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

Hiking trailheads, but not trailsides, associated with higher cover of non‐native plants’ trail impact on non‐native plant cover

Hiking trailheads, but not trailsides, associated with higher cover of non‐native plants’ trail impact on non‐native plant cover

Seed sowing shifts native–exotic richness relationships in favor of natives during restoration

Similar trait‐based successional assembly in native and introduced plants despite species pool differences

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