Natrinema gari sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon isolated from fish sauce in Thailand

Tapingkae, Wanaporn; Tanasupawat, Somboon; Itoh, Takashi; Parkin, Kirk L.; Benjakul, Soottawat; Visessanguan, Wonnop; Valyasevi, Ruud

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65644-0

Cited by 56 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Patel et al (2005) also reported that casamino acid was the most important factor affecting protease production by haloalkaliphilic Bacillus sp. Based on the physiological requirements in high salinity environments, NaCl has been shown to be a key factor having extreme influence on both cell growth (Tapingkae et al, 2008) and enzyme activity (Tapingkae et al, 2010b) of Nnm. gari BCC 24369.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced production of histamine dehydrogenase by <i>Natrinema gari</i> BCC 24369 in a non-sterile condition

Chaikaew

Powtongsook

Boonpayung

et al. 2015

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced production of histamine dehydrogenase by <i>Natrinema gari</i> BCC 24369 in a non-sterile condition

Chaikaew

Powtongsook

Boonpayung

et al. 2015

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…pallidum [133], Nnm. gari (isolated from fermented food, Thailand) [134], Nnm. altunense (isolated from a saline lake, China) [135], Nnm.…”

Section: Order Haloferacalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes

et al. 2017

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Halophilic archaea, also referred to as haloarchaea, dominate hypersaline environments. To survive under such extreme conditions, haloarchaea and their enzymes have evolved to function optimally in environments with high salt concentrations and, sometimes, with extreme pH and temperatures. These features make haloarchaea attractive sources of a wide variety of biotechnological products, such as hydrolytic enzymes, with numerous potential applications in biotechnology. The unique trait of haloarchaeal enzymes, haloenzymes, to sustain activity under hypersaline conditions has extended the range of already-available biocatalysts and industrial processes in which high salt concentrations inhibit the activity of regular enzymes. In addition to their halostable properties, haloenzymes can also withstand other conditions such as extreme pH and temperature. In spite of these benefits, the industrial potential of these natural catalysts remains largely unexplored, with only a few characterized extracellular hydrolases. Because of the applied impact of haloarchaea and their specific ability to live in the presence of high salt concentrations, studies on their systematics have intensified in recent years, identifying many new genera and species. This review summarizes the current status of the haloarchaeal genera and species, and discusses the properties of haloenzymes and their potential industrial applications. SYSTEMATICS OF HALOPHILIC ARCHAEAHalophilic micro-organisms are found in the three domains of life, and are extremophiles living in hypersaline environments in the presence of salt (generally NaCl) as a specific requisite for their growth [1]. Hypersaline environments contain higher salt concentrations than seawater (3.5 % total dissolved salts) [2]. According to the optimum NaCl concentration for growth, micro-organisms fall into one of the following categories: extreme halophiles with optimum growth at 15-30 % (2.5-5.2 M) NaCl; moderate halophiles with optimum growth at 3-15 % (0.5-2.5 M) NaCl; slight halophiles with optimum growth at 1-3 % (0.2-0.5 M) NaCl; non-halophiles with optimum growth at less than 1 % (0.2 M) NaCl; and halotolerant micro-organisms which are non-halophiles showing the ability to tolerate high NaCl concentrations [3]. Halophiles can live in hypersaline environments because they are able to sustain osmotic balance. They use two main strategies to withstand the adverse consequences of water loss when exposed to high salt concentrations. The first strategy used by extremely halophilic archaea (haloarchaea) and halophilic anaerobic bacteria such as members of Halanaerobiales is known as the 'salt-in-cytoplasm' strategy, during which salts such as NaCl or KCl accumulate in the cytoplasm at concentrations similar to the extracellular ones [4,5]. Another mechanism to cope with high salt concentrations is the accumulation of organic molecules such as amino acids, sugars and polyols, known as compatible solutes or osmolytes. Compatible solutes are small and highly soluble molecules that can...

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“…Currently, it is reported that Haloterrigena species contain the glycolipids S 2 -DGD (Cui et al, 2006; Gutiérrez et al, 2008;Montalvo-Rodríguez et al, 2000;Ventosa et al, 1999;Xu et al, 2005a) or mannose-6-sulfate(1-2)-glucose glycerol diether (S-DGD) (Romano et al, 2007), whereas most Natrinema species have phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS) and unidentified glycolipids (McGenity et al, 1998;Tapingkae et al, 2008;Xin et al, 2000;Xu et al, 2005b). Even though strain A29…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Haloterrigena jeotgali sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from salt-fermented food

Roh

Nam

Chang

et al. 2009

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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A novel red-pigmented halophilic archaeon, strain A29T , was isolated from shrimp jeotgal, a traditional salt-fermented food from Korea. This strain grows in the ranges 10-30 % (w/v) NaCl, 17-50 6C and pH 6.5-8.5, with optimal growth occurring at 15-20 % NaCl, 37-45 6C and pH 7.0-7.5. The isolate is Gram-negative and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain A29 T is associated with the genus Haloterrigena and closely related to the species Haloterrigena thermotolerans (99.0 % similarity). However, DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed that the level of hybridization between strain A29 T and related strains of Haloterrigena is less than 70 %. The polar lipid fraction consists of phosphatidylglyerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me) and mannose-2,6-disulfate(1-2)-glucose glycerol diether (S 2 -DGD). The G+C content of genomic DNA of the type strain is 62.3 mol%. On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain A29 T should be placed in the genus Haloterrigena as a novel species, for which the name Haloterrigena jeotgali sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the new species is A29 T (5KCTC 4020 T 5DSM 18794T 5JCM 14585 T 5CECT 7218 T ).Although high salinity is toxic to most cells, extreme halophiles are well adapted to their hypersaline environment (Grant, 2004). Since the establishment of the genus Haloterrigena within the family Halobacteriaceae in 1999 (Ventosa et al., 1999), at the time of writing seven species belonging to it have been described: Abbreviations: S-DGD, mannose-6-sulfate(1-2)-glucose glycerol diether; S 2 -DGD, mannose-2,6-disulfate(1-2)-glucose glycerol diether.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain A29T is EF077633.Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences generated by the minimum-evolution and maximum-parsimony methods, and a thinlayer chromatogram of the polar lipids of strain A29 T and a reference strain (H. thermotolerans PR5 , 1997). Cell morphology was examined using light (Eclipse 80i; Nikon) and electron microscopy (JEM 1010; JEOL). Gram staining was performed as described by Dussault (1955) and motility was examined on semi-solid agar. Optimal conditions for growth were determined in medium 954 containing 0-30 % (w/v) NaCl, and the pH range for growth was assayed from pH 5.0 to 11.0 at intervals of 0.5, and at different temperatures (4, 10, 15, 17, 21, 25, 30, 37, 45, 50 and 60 u C). The Mg 2+ requirement for growth was also determined using medium 954 without MgCl 2 . 6H 2 O and yeast extract. Standard phenotypic tests for indole formation, nitrate reduction, hydrolysis of casein, starch and urea, and activity of oxidase and catalase were conducted as described by Gerhardt et al. (1994). Hydrolysis of gelatin and Tween 80 were tested simultaneously through the procedure adapted for haloarchaea by Gutiérrez & González (1972). Cell lysis in distilled water was detected by microscopic examination. DNase activity was detected on T-Hv agar medium as...

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Natrinema gari sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon isolated from fish sauce in Thailand

Cited by 56 publications

References 26 publications

Enhanced production of histamine dehydrogenase by <i>Natrinema gari</i> BCC 24369 in a non-sterile condition

Enhanced production of histamine dehydrogenase by <i>Natrinema gari</i> BCC 24369 in a non-sterile condition

Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes

Haloterrigena jeotgali sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from salt-fermented food

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