Natriuretic Peptides as Biomarkers: Narrative Review and
Considerations in Cardiovascular and Respiratory Dysfunctions

Samad, Mohammad; Malempati, Sreekar; Restini, Carolina Baraldi Araújo

doi:10.59249/ncst6937

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…This apparent conflict could be explained by the fact that cGMP can also be produced from the particulate guanylyl cyclase (pGC), which is part of the natriuretic peptide receptors A and B that can be activated via atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANPs and BNPs) respectively [ 36 ]. In this regard, pro-BNP levels are highly prognostic of PH progression and indicate patients at the highest risk [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allicin, an Emerging Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Experimental Study

Sánchez-Gloria,

Martínez-Olivares,

Del Valle-Mondragón

et al. 2023

IJMS

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We assessed whether allicin, through its antihypertensive and antioxidant effects, relieves vascular remodeling, endothelial function, and oxidative stress (OS), thereby improving experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Allicin (16 mg/kg) was administered to rats with PAH (monocrotaline 60 mg/kg). Allicin encouraged body weight gain and survival rate, and medial wall thickness and the right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy were prevented. Also, angiotensin II concentrations in the lung (0.37 ± 0.01 vs. 0.47 ± 0.06 pmoles/mL, allicin and control, respectively) and plasma (0.57 ± 0.05 vs. 0.75 ± 0.064, allicin and control respectively) and the expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme II and angiotensin II type 1 receptor in lung tissue were maintained at normal control levels with allicin. In PAH rats treated with allicin, nitric oxide (NO) (31.72 ± 1.22 and 51.4 ± 3.45 pmoles/mL), tetrahydrobiopterin (8.43 ± 0.33 and 10.14 ± 0.70 pmoles/mL), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (5.54 ± 0.42 and 5.64 ± 0.73 pmoles/mL), and Ang-(1-7) (0.88 ± 0.23 and 0.83 ± 0.056 pmoles/mL) concentrations increased in lung tissue and plasma, respectively. In contrast, dihydrobiopterin increase was prevented in both lung tissue and plasma (5.75 ± 0.3 and 5.64 ± 0.73 pmoles/mL); meanwhile, phosphodiesterase-5 was maintained at normal levels in lung tissue. OS in PAH was prevented with allicin through the increased expression of Nrf2 in the lung. Allicin prevented the lung response to hypoxia, preventing the overexpression of HIF-1α and VEGF. Allicin attenuated the vascular remodeling and RV hypertrophy in PAH through its effects on NO-dependent vasodilation, modulation of RAS, and amelioration of OS. Also, these effects could be associated with the modulation of HIF-1α and improved lung oxygenation. The global effects of allicin contribute to preventing endothelial dysfunction, remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, and RV hypertrophy, preventing heart failure, thus favoring survival. Although human studies are needed, the data suggest that, alone or in combination therapy, allicin may be an alternative in treating PAH if we consider that, similarly to current treatments, it improves lung vasodilation and increase survival. Allicin may be considered an option when there is a lack of efficacy, and where drug intolerance is observed, to enhance the efficacy of drugs, or when more than one pathogenic mechanism must be addressed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allicin, an Emerging Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Experimental Study

Sánchez-Gloria,

Martínez-Olivares,

Del Valle-Mondragón

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…B-type and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP, respectively) are recognized as highly significant diagnostic and prognostic indicators in cases of HF, among other cardiac biomarkers [57,[92][93][94][95]. Novel techniques for identifying patterns in cardiac biomarkers are being developed by utilizing several machine-learning algorithms, such as clustering and phenomapping.…”

Section: Leveraging Ai and Cardiac Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence and Its Role in Diagnosing Heart Failure: A Narrative Review

Medhi,

Kamidi,

Mamatha Sree

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Heart failure (HF) is prevalent globally. It is a dynamic disease with varying definitions and classifications due to multiple pathophysiologies and etiologies. The diagnosis, clinical staging, and treatment of HF become complex and subjective, impacting patient prognosis and mortality. Technological advancements, like artificial intelligence (AI), have been significant roleplays in medicine and are increasingly used in cardiovascular medicine to transform drug discovery, clinical care, risk prediction, diagnosis, and treatment. Medical and surgical interventions specific to HF patients rely significantly on early identification of HF. Hospitalization and treatment costs for HF are high, with readmissions increasing the burden. AI can help improve diagnostic accuracy by recognizing patterns and using them in multiple areas of HF management. AI has shown promise in offering early detection and precise diagnoses with the help of ECG analysis, advanced cardiac imaging, leveraging biomarkers, and cardiopulmonary stress testing. However, its challenges include data access, model interpretability, ethical concerns, and generalizability across diverse populations. Despite these ongoing efforts to refine AI models, it suggests a promising future for HF diagnosis. After applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, we searched for data available on PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library and found 150 relevant papers. This review focuses on AI's significant contribution to HF diagnosis in recent years, drastically altering HF treatment and outcomes.

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“…This involves suppressing the adhesion of neutrophils to the endothelium, downregulating the expression of CD18 on neutrophils, and mitigating the release of elastase. These changes collectively aim to limit the area of myocardial necrosis [109]. A series of studies revealing a relationship between NT-proBNP and CAD have been conducted.…”

Section: Natriuretic Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Kidney Disease Associated with Ischemic Heart Disease: To What Extent Do Biomarkers Help?

Cepoi,

Duca,

Chetran

et al. 2023

Life

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Chronic kidney disease represents a complex and multifaceted pathology characterized by the presence of structural or functional renal anomalies associated with a persistent reduction in renal function. As the disease progresses, complications arise due to the chronic inflammatory syndrome, hydro-electrolytic disorders, and toxicity secondary to the uremic environment. Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death for these patients. Ischemic cardiac pathology can be both a consequence and complication of chronic kidney disease, highlighting the need to identify specific cardiorenal dysfunction biomarkers targeting pathophysiological mechanisms common to both conditions. This identification is crucial for establishing accurate diagnoses, prognoses, and risk stratifications for patients. This work is intended to elucidate the intricate relationship between chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart disease and to investigate the roles of cardiorenal biomarkers, including cardiac troponin, natriuretic peptides, galectin-3, copeptin, fibroblast growth factor 23 and its co-receptor Klotho, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2, and plasma growth differentiation factor 15.

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Natriuretic Peptides as Biomarkers: Narrative Review and Considerations in Cardiovascular and Respiratory Dysfunctions

Cited by 20 publications

References 104 publications

Allicin, an Emerging Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Experimental Study

Allicin, an Emerging Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Experimental Study

Artificial Intelligence and Its Role in Diagnosing Heart Failure: A Narrative Review

Chronic Kidney Disease Associated with Ischemic Heart Disease: To What Extent Do Biomarkers Help?

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