Natural activity concentrations in bottled drinking water and consequent doses

Abstract

The radioactivity concentrations of nuclides (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K in bottled drinking water from six different manufacturers from Turkey were measured using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. The measurement was done using a coaxial high-purity germanium detector system coupled to Ortec-Dspect jr digital MCA system. The average measured activity concentrations of the nuclides (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K are found to be 0.781, 1.05 and 2.19 Bq l(-1), respectively. The measured activity concentrations have been compared with similar studies from different locations. The annual effective doses for ingestion of radionuclides in the water are found to be 0.0246 mSv for (238)U and 0.169 mSv for (232)Th.

Evaluation of Radiological Health Risks in Popularly Consumed Brands of Sachet Water in Nigeria

“…The average value, 66.22 Bq L −1 evaluated for 40 K is extremely higher than 0.194, 0.105, and 0.229 Bq L −1 reported from Jordan in tap water, drilled well-containing tap water, and rainwater, respectively ( 46 ). Also, the value exceeds the reported value of 14.16 Bq L −1 from Yemen in drinking surface water samples ( 18 ); 0.103 Bq L −1 reported from Turkey in surface and tap water ( 13 ); and 0.141, 2.19, 47.52, and 0.688 Bq L −1 in bottled water reported from Pakistan, Turkey, Iran, and Egypt, respectively ( 37 , 47 – 49 ). In the case of the radium isotopes ( 226 Ra and 228 Ra), which have attracted global health concern at high levels in water and food substances, a close observation in Table 1 shows that the concentrations of 228 Ra in 57% (20 samples) of the investigated samples are higher than the corresponding concentrations of 226 Ra.…”