Natural Aging of Non-Energized Aluminum Conductors

Booker, J. R.

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.1986.4308057

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Wetting can vary widely for different conductors. In particular, ageing of the conductor cables results in a considerable change in hydrophilicity of the cable surfaces [11] drops, while on the sides of the cables bigger drops are situated, while on well aged conductors only large drops on the under side of the conductors are present.…”

Section: Double Bundlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To solve the system of equations at a time t l , b k (t l ) has to be determined first. For this purpose the electric field on the surface E k is taken according to E k = E k (q i (t l ), q ds (t l+1 )) for comparison with E ck according to (11).…”

Section: The Injection Of Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a good approximation only, if the distances between the protrusions along the conductor are small compared with the distance of the space charge shielding the conductor from the electrical field (thereby controlling the corona-activity). In the case of well aged, hydrophilic conductors under rain [11], potentially featuring only few water drops, or in the case of polluted conductors with only few protrusions, it is doubtful if this symmetry along the conductor actually holds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of the space charge near coronating conductors of ac overhead transmission lines

Straumann¹

2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In the case of ac high voltage overhead transmission lines, corona discharges may result in a broadband crackling and a humming noise at twice the mains frequency (2f). The computation of the emitted 2f-levels presupposes the knowledge of the apparent power and force passed by the ions to the gas in the surroundings of the conductors. In this paper a simulation determining these magnitudes used in a previous publication is presented. For that purpose the ideas of earlier publications by other authors to compute corona losses are followed. Their central idea is to define an onset field strength on the surface of the conductor which is not exceeded by injecting the right amount of charges in the vicinity of the conductor. This injection together with the recombination determines the amount of drifting ions. The novelty of the method applied in this work is the consideration of different onset field strengths over the conductor surface in dependence of the polar angle. Further 2f-force and 2f-power acting on the gas in the vicinity of the conductor are determined out of the resulting ion drift. The corona currents thus computed coincide fairly well with measured results.

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Section: Double Bundlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Injection Of Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of the space charge near coronating conductors of ac overhead transmission lines

Straumann¹

2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…The surface roughness factor was employed to evaluate the degree of roughness of the electrodes by Peek in 1929 [4], and it is reported in [5] that is in the range of 0.82 to 0.92 for new conductors while 0.4 to 0.8 is for aged conductors. Booker characterized the surface morphologies of several natural aging conductors by a camera [6]. Suda [7] and Ma [8] described the surface conditions of "artificially polluted" conductors by means of cameras equivalent salt deposit density of the contaminations on their surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation Method of Surface Roughness Degree for Long-Term Operating Conductors Based on Gray Value Matrix

Liu

Bian

Cao

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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In order to obtain the average surface roughness of the long-term operating conductors in service, the features of 2-D surface morphologies were investigated based on the gray value matrix . The neighborhood averaging method was utilized in obtaining . In a wide range of , a linear relationship was discovered between the variance and . Therefore, could be obtained based on the images from the camera and without the need to dismantle the conductors in service, and it is more time saving and economical for the measurements.Index Terms-Gray value matrix, long-term operating conductors, neighborhood averaging method, surface roughness.

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“…After the atmospheric aging period for 4 months, it was observed that the corona onset voltages of the conductors raised to a certain extent, at the same time, the audible noise level in 8 kHz expressed a decrease tendency. Unfortunately Booker did not keen on the investigation after the initial aging period [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of surface roughness on corona-generated electromagnetic interference for long-term operating conductors

Bian

Wang

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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This paper presents a research of the surface roughness effects on corona-generated electromagnetic interference of long-term operating conductors. The detailed surface morphologies and roughness of typical long-term operating conductors were measured and analyzed. The radio noise measurement system based on the corona cage was discussed and the actual radio noise generated by the conductor in the measured cage was obtained, based on the parameters of the corona cage and the measured data. The radio noise tests were carried out under both dry and wet conditions. Under two types of conditions, the corona intensity was higher on the long-term operating conductors contrasted to the new conductors as a result of the anomalistic surfaces of the long-term operating conductors. The rate of decrease of corona inception voltages between the long-term operating conductors and new conductors was discovered to increase with the raise of surface roughness degree R a in linear relationship. Approximate linear relation was also discovered between the averaged radio noise deviation and R a . The rate of decrease of corona inception voltages under wet conditions was slightly higher (about 1%) than that under dry conditions. The difference between the radio noise of long-term operating conductors and that of new conductors was larger (1.3 dB) under wet conditions compared to dry conditions.

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Natural Aging of Non-Energized Aluminum Conductors

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Simulation of the space charge near coronating conductors of ac overhead transmission lines

Simulation of the space charge near coronating conductors of ac overhead transmission lines

The Evaluation Method of Surface Roughness Degree for Long-Term Operating Conductors Based on Gray Value Matrix

The effect of surface roughness on corona-generated electromagnetic interference for long-term operating conductors

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