Natural and anthropogenic controls on the frequency of preferential flow occurrence in a wastewater spray irrigation field

Hopkins, Isaac; Gall, Heather E.; Lin, Henry

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2016.09.011

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In this study, the occurrence of preferential flow was detected by the sequence of soil moisture response time to individual precipitation events. This method was first proposed by Lin and Zhou (2008), then adopted and further developed in subsequent studies (Graham & Lin, 2011;Hardie, Lisson, Doyle, & Cotching, 2013;Hopkins et al, 2016;Liu & Lin, 2015;Wiekenkamp et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2012). In Wiekenkamp et al (2016), a precipitation event started when at least 1 mm precipitation was recorded within 3 hr, and ended when no precipitation was recorded within 3 hr.…”

Section: Infer Preferential Flows Based On Lag Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil moisture is a key variable that links water, energy, and biogeochemical cycles (Seneviratne et al, 2010), and controls infiltration processes (Blume, Zehe, & Bronstert, 2009; Germann & Beven, 1981). In recent years, by inferring the lag time of soil moisture responses at different depths, preferential flows were calculated and compared between different landscape positions, topographies and land uses (Demand, Blume, & Weiler, 2019; Graham & Lin, 2011; Hopkins, Gall, & Lin, 2016; Lin & Zhou, 2008; Liu & Lin, 2015; Wiekenkamp, Huisman, Bogena, Lin, & Vereecken, 2016). Traditional methods studying preferential flows, like the dye staining method (Wang, Chen, Lian, Fu, & Nie, 2018; Weiler & Flühler, 2004), are destructive and non‐repetitive in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The propensity for water to flow preferentially is often viewed as an inherent property for soils/hillslopes. Using the soil moisture dynamics method mentioned above, a preferential flow frequency index was calculated in several previous studies (Guo, Fan, Zhang, & Lin, 2018; Hopkins et al, 2016; Liu & Lin, 2015; Wiekenkamp et al, 2016). This index is determined by counting the number of preferential flow events and dividing this by the total number of precipitation events over a long monitoring period (typically 2 or 3 years).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the controls of preferential flow in soils of different hillslope position and lithological origin

Tang

Duncan

Guo

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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Soils derived from different lithologies and their controls on preferential flow remain underexplored in forested landscapes. In the same lithology, the propensity for preferential flow occurrence at different hillslope positions also remains largely elusive. By utilizing a soil moisture response time method, we compared preferential flow occurrence between a shale site (Shale Hills, silt loam soils) and a sandstone site (Garner Run, sandy loam soils) at four hillslope positions: ridge-top, North-and South-facing mid-slopes and toe slope, for over 2 years. The catchments are neighbouring and covered by temperate forest. For the four hillslope positions, Shale Hills had higher preferential flow frequencies compared to Garner Run. Between these two catchments, the South-facing mid-slope sites showed the highest contrasts in preferential flow frequency (33.5% of events at Shale Hills vs. 8.8% at Garner Run)

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Section: Infer Preferential Flows Based On Lag Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the controls of preferential flow in soils of different hillslope position and lithological origin

Tang

Duncan

Guo

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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“…A lush crop canopy offers protection from raindrop impacts, thereby decreasing surface soil compaction or crusting, while the activity of plant roots improves soil structure and increases macropores. Macropores may contribute nearly 85% of the variation of hydraulic conductivity or total infiltration [71,72], as suggested by the dramatic increase in the incidence of preferential flow at irrigated sites in the living filter [42]. In addition, the increase in nutrients from the effluent would tend to improve soil physicochemical properties.…”

Section: Long-term Effects Of Wastewater Irrigation On K Fsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Infiltration Rate and Field-Saturated Soil Hydraulic Conductivity in a Wastewater-Irrigated Cropland

Zhang

Hopkins

Guo

et al. 2019

Water

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The maintenance of a soil's infiltration rate (IR) and field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (K fs ) is crucial for the long-term sustainable functioning of wastewater-irrigated lands. However, an effective procedure for reliably measuring in situ soil K fs remains elusive. To address this issue, this study investigated the dualhead infiltrometer (DHI), a novel instrument for automatically determining IR and K fs , and compared it with a traditional double-ring infiltrometer (DRI) under various field conditions. In the initial phase, we optimized the procedure and settings for the DHIs in a cropland that was spray-irrigated with secondary-treated wastewater for decades in central Pennsylvania. Results showed that our optimized procedure, which used a single, long pressure cycle, yielded more robust measurements of IR than the originally recommended sequence of two short pressure cycles. The values of K fs measured by the DHIs with optimized settings were similar to those measured by DRIs under many (but not all) field conditions, due to their differences in infiltration surface areas, operational procedures, length of infiltration time, and soil spatiotemporal variability. Viscosity-corrected K fs on the irrigated cropland was 123.8 ± 94.0 mm·h −1 , higher than that on the adjacent non-irrigated cropland (103.2 ± 94.6 mm·h −1 ), but the difference was not statistically significant, owing to the high degree of soil spatiotemporal variability and our limited number of measurements. Nevertheless, the higher K fs values measured on irrigated cropland reflect observed changes in soil structure (e.g., soil pore characteristics) that resulted from decades of irrigation. Seasonal variations in K fs values existed between winter and summer conditions, but IRs during all seasons remained much higher than the current spray-irrigation rate (4.25 mm·h −1 ), suggesting that the soil is still capable of handling the routine irrigation, even during winter. However, the coefficients of variation exceeded 67.0% across the field sites investigated, and the time periods covered by our measurements were limited. As this specific site is permitted to discharge treated wastewater year-round, caution must still be exercised to ensure that soil K fs remains high enough to prevent runoff generation, especially during winter frozen conditions.

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“…In recent years, the process of irrigation infiltration has been studied through field investigation, laboratory experiments, and numerical analysis [13][14][15][16]. Some new mechanisms of the irrigation-induced landslide have been reported, such as static liquefaction [4,17], frozen stagnant water [18,19], and irrigating effect [20,21], which have advanced the understanding of mechanisms of the irrigation-induced landslides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental and Numerical Study of Landslides Triggered by Agricultural Irrigation in Northwestern China

Sun

Wang

et al. 2020

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) has become one of the high-incidence areas of landslide disasters in China, especially at the edge of the tablelands where irrigation has been practiced at a large scale since the 1960s. Heifangtai tableland, located in the CLP in Yongjing County, Gansu Province, has been selected as a case, where more than 90 slidings occurred in the past three decades. Field monitoring and laboratory tests were conducted to obtain the soil-water characteristic curve, unsaturated soil shear strength, irrigation water infiltration, and the groundwater level change. Based on these results, a three-dimensional numerical model of the slope was established, and the change of seepage field and slope stability before and after irrigation was investigated using simulations and compared with the observed data. The results show that flood irrigation raised the water table, and the increase of soil moisture in the flooded area was more significant than that in the nonirrigated area. The rising speed of the groundwater level was about 0.25 m/yr, with an amplitude of 0.5 m. Near the slope, the hydraulic gradient of the concave slope was steeper than the convex slope. The shear strength of the loess decreased with increasing soil moisture, and the tensile strength was about 15% of the cohesion. Numerical results showed that after three years of continuous flood irrigation at the back of the slope, the slope stability coefficient decreased by 0.12. After irrigation, the potential slip zone slightly expanded. The reason why landslides often occurred at the back of the gully or the landslide was that the water table was shallower on concave slopes and the soil moisture of the concave slopes was more susceptible to irrigation.

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Natural and anthropogenic controls on the frequency of preferential flow occurrence in a wastewater spray irrigation field

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

On the controls of preferential flow in soils of different hillslope position and lithological origin

On the controls of preferential flow in soils of different hillslope position and lithological origin

Dynamics of Infiltration Rate and Field-Saturated Soil Hydraulic Conductivity in a Wastewater-Irrigated Cropland

An Experimental and Numerical Study of Landslides Triggered by Agricultural Irrigation in Northwestern China

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