Natural and anthropogenic variations in atmospheric mercury deposition during the Holocene near Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru

Beal, Samuel; Kelly, M. A.; Stroup, Justin S.; Jackson, Brian P.; Lowell, Thomas V.; Tapia, Pedro M.

doi:10.1002/2013gb004780

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…Current inflows to Yanacocha are limited to overland flow in the catchment, which is minimally covered by drift and scree. The outlet on the west side of the lake is active mainly during the wet season (Beal et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…a) Data from Yanacocha core section YANA11‐1A‐1B‐1 used to construct the YC record. %BSi values are from Beal et al (). b) Data from Challpacocha core sections CHAL11‐2A‐1B‐1 and CHAL11‐2B‐1B‐1 used to construct the CH‐2 record.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sediment cores from a second site located ∼430 m west of the inflow were merged to form the CH‐2 composite core record (∼5 m in total length). Cores from near the center of Yanacocha were correlated to construct the YC composite record (∼4 m in total length; Beal et al ., ). Lake core analyses are described below and in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Late Holocene fluctuations of Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru, registered by nearby lake sediments

Stroup¹,

Kelly²,

Lowell³

et al. 2015

J Quaternary Science

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Records of clastic sediment from lakes that receive glacial meltwater provide a means for inferring past glacial fluctuations. However, increased clastic sedimentation has been interpreted to indicate both glacial advance and recession. Here we examine the timing of clastic sediment deposition in Challpacocha, a glacially fed lake located downvalley from Quelccaya Ice Cap (QIC), Peru, in comparison with known ice cap margin fluctuations. Using a comparison with a nearby non-glacial lake, Yanacocha, we document that a record of clastic sediment flux from Challpacocha reflects meltwater-derived sediment. We then compare the clastic sediment record from Challpacocha with the Qori Kalis glacier moraine record. We find that organic-rich sediment was deposited primarily during the late Holocene advance of QIC (before $CE 1490). In contrast, clastic sediment was deposited during QIC recession ($CE 1490($CE -1970. Peaks in clastic sediment flux are associated with the onset of ice retreat. We suggest that this pattern of clastic sediment deposition reflects changing meltwater production and/ or glacial erosion during ice advance and retreat and supports models of increased clastic sedimentation during ice retreat.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Late Holocene fluctuations of Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru, registered by nearby lake sediments

Stroup¹,

Kelly²,

Lowell³

et al. 2015

J Quaternary Science

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“…Titanium (Ti) is used as an indicator element of geogenic clastic matter inputs into lake sediments (Beal et al ). Titanium concentrations in DV‐09 and Kusawa sediments were determined by ACME Laboratories, Vancouver (http://www.acmelab.com), by hot aqua regia digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry using ACME method MA250, which has a detection limit of 10 μ g g −1 DW.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal scavenging of mercury in preindustrial Arctic lakes

Outridge

Stern

Hamilton

et al. 2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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The geochemical speciation of total mercury (THg) was examined in pre-1800 Arctic lake sediments to improve understanding of the factors controlling "natural baseline" THg. Solid-phase binding forms of THg were determined by sequential extraction of dated cores from three lakes in different ecozones (barren tundra, grassy tundra, and boreal forest). Sediment organic matter (OM) was mostly of algal origin. Mercury was highly concentrated in the sediment OM fraction (OM-Hg), comprising 60-87% of THg, while OM (as total organic carbon) constituted only 0.6-13% of sediment dry weight (DW). OM-Hg concentrations were equivalent to 159 AE 13 to 776 AE 215 ng Hg g −1 DW in algal OM and were enriched 2-39 times compared to sediment THg, indicating that even small changes in algal OM inputs could significantly alter THg. OM-Hg explained 76-96% of the variation in THg concentrations over many centuries. Concentrations of S2 carbon (an algal productivity proxy) and OM-Hg were significantly correlated in two lakes but not in the boreal forest lake possibly because of OM remineralization in its deep water column. Fluxes of S2 carbon, OM-Hg, and THg were highly correlated in the barren tundra lake but could not be calculated for the other lakes. The results overall indicate that high algal Hg concentrations due to scavenging of available Hg controlled OM-Hg flux to sediments, thus driving changes in THg concentrations and fluxes. These findings improve our understanding of the long-term stability of baseline THg in northern lakes under a changing climate, including in the modern era. †

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“…HCO -3 may be due to the action of CO 2 -3 on the basic material of soils and granitic rocks. Hg 1+/2+ is from volcanic leaching (Beal et al, 2014) and anthropogenic activities (Shi et al, 2010). This PC reflects carbonate changes and mercury pollution in the groundwater.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Of Water Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of major ions and heavy metals in groundwater: a case study from Guangzhou and Zhuhai of the Pearl River Delta, China

Tang

Chen

et al. 2015

Front. Earth Sci.

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Anthropogenic activities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) have caused a deterioration of groundwater quality over the past twenty years as a result of rapid urbanization and industrial development. In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics, quality, and sources of heavy metals in the groundwater of the PRD were investigated. Twenty-five groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), δ 18 O, δ 2 H, major ions, and heavy metals. The groundwater was slightly acidic and presented TDS values that ranged from 35.5 to 8,779.3 mg$L -1 . The concentrations of the major ions followed the order Cl -> HCO -Ca-Mg-HCO 3 and Na-K-HCO 3 were the predominant types of facies, and the chemical composition of the groundwater was primarily controlled by chemical weathering of the basement rocks, by mixing of freshwater and seawater and by anthropogenic activities. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) indicated that 64% of the samples were in the low category, 16% were in the medium category and 20% were in the high category, providing further evidence that this groundwater is unsuitable for drinking. Lead, arsenic, and manganese were mainly sourced from landfill leachate; cadmium from landfill leachate and agricultural wastes; mercury from the discharge of leachate associated with mining activities and agricultural wastes; and chromium primarily from industrial wastes. According to the irrigation water quality indicators, the groundwater in the PRD can be used for irrigation in most farmland without strong negative impacts. However, approximately 9 million people in the Guangdong Province are at risk due to the consumption of untreated water. Therefore, we suggest that treating the groundwater to achieve safer levels is necessary.

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Natural and anthropogenic variations in atmospheric mercury deposition during the Holocene near Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru

Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal that is transported globally through the atmosphere. Emissions

Cited by 28 publications

References 74 publications

Late Holocene fluctuations of Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru, registered by nearby lake sediments

Late Holocene fluctuations of Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru, registered by nearby lake sediments

Algal scavenging of mercury in preindustrial Arctic lakes

Assessment of major ions and heavy metals in groundwater: a case study from Guangzhou and Zhuhai of the Pearl River Delta, China

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