Natural and emergent Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes revealed by mitochondrial (Cytb) and nuclear (SSU rDNA) genetic markers

Ramírez, Juan David; Duque, Maria Clara; Montilla, Marleny; Cucunubá, Zulma M.; Guhl, Felipe

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2012.09.017

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…This grouping has been established since 2007 when the first subdivision based on spliced leader of the mini-exon gene was conducted [15]. Other researchers continued these efforts but most of the associations were made upon the cycles of transmission within TcI [18,43-45]. This subdivision may not be absolute because in some cases domiciliated insect vectors may cluster with sylvatic population that is not unlikely since they may carry populations of the sylvatic foci as natural predictors of parasite transmission dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure of Trypanosoma cruziin Colombia revealed by a High-throughput Nuclear Multilocus Sequence Typing (nMLST) approach

2013

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BackgroundChagas disease is a systemic pathology caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite reveals remarkable genetic variability, evinced in six Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) named from T. cruzi I to T. cruzi VI (TcI to TcVI). Recently newly identified genotypes have emerged such as TcBat in Brazil, Colombia and Panama associated to anthropogenic bats. The genotype with the broadest geographical distribution is TcI, which has recently been associated to severe cardiomyopathies in Argentina and Colombia. Therefore, new studies unraveling the genetic structure and natural history of this DTU must be pursued.ResultsWe conducted a spatial and temporal analysis on 50 biological clones of T. cruzi I (TcI) isolated from humans with different clinical phenotypes, triatomine bugs and mammal reservoirs across three endemic regions for Chagas disease in Colombia. These clones were submitted to a nuclear Multilocus Sequence Typing (nMLST) analysis in order to elucidate its genetic diversity and clustering. After analyzing 13 nuclear housekeeping genes and obtaining a 5821 bp length alignment, we detected two robust genotypes within TcI henceforth named TcIDOM (associated to human infections) and a second cluster associated to peridomestic and sylvatic populations. Additionaly, we detected putative events of recombination and an intriguing lack of linkage disequilibrium.ConclusionsThese findings reinforce the emergence of an enigmatic domestic T. cruzi genotype (TcIDOM), and demonstrates the high frequency of recombination at nuclear level across natural populations of T. cruzi. Therefore, the need to pursue studies focused on the diferential virulence profiles of TcI strains. The biological and epidemiological implications of these findings are herein discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure of Trypanosoma cruziin Colombia revealed by a High-throughput Nuclear Multilocus Sequence Typing (nMLST) approach

2013

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“…However, strains within a DTU are not necessarily identical and can also be distinguished from each other using other molecular markers [e.g. TcI strains can be subdivided into genotypes using mitochondrial (Cytb) and nuclear (SSU rDNA) genetic markers; Ramírez et al, 2012].…”

Section: Current Approach Of Molecular Biodiversity Of T Cruzimentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Chagas disease as an ecological model of interactions between Trypanosoma cruzi parasites, pregnant women, placenta and fetuses

2015

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The aim of this paper is to discuss the main ecological interactions between the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and its hosts, the mother and the fetus, leading to the transmission and development of congenital Chagas disease. One or several infecting strains of T. cruzi (with specific features) interact with: (i) the immune system of a pregnant woman whom responses depend on genetic and environmental factors, (ii) the placenta harboring its own defenses, and, finally, (iii) the fetal immune system displaying responses also susceptible to be modulated by maternal and environmental factors, as well as his own genetic background which is different from her mother. The severity of congenital Chagas disease depends on the magnitude of such final responses. The paper is mainly based on human data, but integrates also complementary observations obtained in experimental infections. It also focuses on important gaps in our knowledge of this congenital infection, such as the role of parasite diversity vs host genetic factors, as well as that of the maternal and placental microbiomes and the microbiome acquisition by infant in the control of infection. Investigations on these topics are needed in order to improve the programs aiming to diagnose, manage and control congenital Chagas disease.

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“…Other molecular markers have confirmed the intraspecific variability within T. cruzi I, suggesting the emergence of novel genotypes such as a TcI clade, which has been named TcI DOM (formerly TcIa⁄VEN DOM ) and is associated with the domestic transmission cycle throughout the American continent (Ramírez et al 2012c). Several authors have thus proposed the separation of the two main T. cruzi I groups based on associations with domestic and sylvatic cycles (Llewellyn et al 2009, Ocaña-Mayorga et al 2010, Ramírez et al 2012a, b). …”

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The identification of two Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes from domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles in Colombia based on a single polymerase chain reaction amplification of the spliced-leader intergenic region

Villa

Guhl

Zabala

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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A single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction targeting the spliced-leader intergenic region of Trypanosoma cruzi I was standardised by amplifying a 231 bp fragment in domestic (TcIDOM) strains or clones and 450 and 550 bp fragments in sylvatic strains or clones. This reaction was validated using 44 blind coded samples and 184 non-coded T. cruzi I clones isolated from sylvatic triatomines and the correspondence between the amplified fragments and their domestic or sylvatic origin was determined. Six of the nine strains isolated from acute cases suspected of oral infection had the sylvatic T. cruzi I profile. These results confirmed that the sylvatic T. cruzi I genotype is linked to cases of oral Chagas disease in Colombia. We therefore propose the use of this novel PCR reaction in strains or clones previously characterised as T. cruzi I to distinguish TcIDOMfrom sylvatic genotypes in studies of transmission dynamics, including the verification of population selection within hosts or detection of the frequency of mixed infections by both T. cruzi I genotypes in Colombia.

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Natural and emergent Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes revealed by mitochondrial (Cytb) and nuclear (SSU rDNA) genetic markers

Cited by 29 publications

References 58 publications

Genetic structure of Trypanosoma cruziin Colombia revealed by a High-throughput Nuclear Multilocus Sequence Typing (nMLST) approach

Genetic structure of Trypanosoma cruziin Colombia revealed by a High-throughput Nuclear Multilocus Sequence Typing (nMLST) approach

Congenital Chagas disease as an ecological model of interactions between Trypanosoma cruzi parasites, pregnant women, placenta and fetuses

The identification of two Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes from domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles in Colombia based on a single polymerase chain reaction amplification of the spliced-leader intergenic region

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