Natural and human selection for purple-grain tetraploid wheats in the Ethiopian highlands

Belay, Gurja; Tesemma, Tesfaye; Bechere, Efrem; Mitiku, D.

doi:10.1007/bf02432143

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…It is obvious, that conditions of climate and soil in regions from which cultivars originate can influence their characters, especially in landraces, where environmental conditions can have substantial impact (Belay et al 1995, Tesemma et al 1998. Therefore, simple classification of cultivars according to the country of origin has been used to estimate the impact of geographic origin on selected evaluated characters; results are summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Landraces were developed by combination of a natural selection and simple selection made by farmers (Belay et al 1995), later they were used in breeding as a base of newly bred cultivars. Therefore, landraces and obsolete cultivars represent very valuable part of gene pool (Vojdani andMeybodi 1993, Zou and because they cover most of intra-specific genetic diversity of crops.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, utilization of new sources of diversity in breeding is often discussed (Devkota andShah 1998, Moghaddam et al 1998). Landraces, which have arisen through combination of a natural selection and selection performed by farmers (Belay et al 1995) have some valuable characters which can contribute significantly to improvement of newly bred cultivars and broadening their diversity (Keller et al 1991, Tesemma et al 1998. Tolerance to the locally appearing stresses (Li et al 1997) and on that dependent yield stability are often mentioned as a characteristic features (Tesemma et al 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Earliness, spike productivity and protein content in European winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars

Dotlačil¹,

Hermuth²,

Stehno³

2003

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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European winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars (121 accessions in set I and 101 accessions in set II) with modern check cultivars were evaluated in three-year field trials. Increased spike productivity in modern cultivars could be attributed mainly to increased number of grains in spikelet and increased HI, whereas TGW has marginal effect. Old cultivars had on average by 2-3% higher crude protein content in grain than modern ones. Among selected 10 characters, relatively wide diversity (C.V. 11-20%) has been estimated in spike length and characters of spike productivity (except of grain weight with C.V. close to 9%). It was difficult to distinguish the cultivars according to the country of origin, however, earliness and lower spike productivity seems to be characteristic for South-East origin whereas cultivars from NorthWest Europe showed opposite characters. Correlation analyses showed close relations between earliness in heading and in maturity and negative relation between late heading and grain filling period, which was positively correlated with TGW and HI (r = 0.26 to 0.38). Number of grains in spikelets was highly correlated with spike productivity and HI (r = 0.62 to 0.69) whereas relations between these two characters and TGW were lower (r = 0.20 to 0.51). Spike productivity characters, except of TGW, are in negative correlation with crude protein content in grain (r = -0.34 to -0.50). Regression analyses confirmed that main determining character for the spike productivity is number of kernels in spikelet (about 40% of variation) while effects of TGW are about half-size. Crude protein content was positively affected by plant height (15-30% of variation) impact of grain weight per spike was lower (14-17% of variation) and negative. Potentially valuable donors of earliness and longer grain filling period were identified for further studies and/or utilization in breeding programs. As especially valuable character can be considered very high crude protein content (around 18% in cvs Bergland, Ukrajinka, Sippbachzeller, Innichen Nr. 25001 and Barbu du Finistre). High crude protein content combined with relatively good spike productivity and/or long grain filling period or earliness was found in cvs Visperterminen 640 E, Hatvan, Szekacz 1242, Berchtesgardener Vogel, Ble du Lot and Barbu du Finistere.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earliness, spike productivity and protein content in European winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars

Dotlačil¹,

Hermuth²,

Stehno³

2003

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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“…They are characterised by high nutritive and dietetic values (Marconi and Cubadda 2005). They have been selected by the natural and environmental conditions of a particular region (Belay et al 1995) and thus the material is very well adapted to the domestic environment and conditions and is very modifi able from the point of view of genetics (Hammer et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic characteristics of the spring forms of the wheat landraces (einkorn, emmer, spelt, intermediate bread wheat) grown in organic farming

Konvalina

Capouchová

Stehno

et al. 2010

Journal of Agrobiology

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Organic farmers look to the possibilities of growing neglected crops, such as the spring forms of hulled wheat -einkorn, emmer and spelt -for support in developing the organic farming system. In 2008, 169 landraces from the gene bank at the Crop Research Institute in Prague were tested on certifi ed organic plots. The experiment was aimed at fi nding suitable varieties for the organic farming system. In summary, our fi ndings show that einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) and emmer wheat [Triticum dicoccum Schrank (Schuebl)] are resistant to powdery mildew and brown rust, spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) is less resistant to these two diseases, and the intermediate forms of bread wheat are very sensitive to such infestation. The varieties evaluated incline to lodging, as they have long and weak stems. Einkorn and emmer wheat have short and dense spikes and a low thousand grains weight, whereas spelt wheat has long and lax spikes. The level of the harvest index is low. Potentially useful varieties were found during the fi eld experiment and evaluation, and our future efforts will therefore focus on improving resistance to lodging and increasing the productivity of the spike.

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“…Therefore, in breeding we need to also utilize sources of new diversity. Landraces, which have arisen through a combination of natural selection and the selection performed by farmers (Belay et al 1995), usually have a broader genetic base and can therefore provide valuable characteristics important for breeding (Keller et al 1991;Tesemma et al 1998). Tolerance to local stresses (Li et al 1997) and the resulting good yield stability are also often referred to in landraces (Tesemma et al 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

How can wheat landraces contribute to present breeding?

Dotlačil¹,

Hermuth²,

Stehno³

et al. 2010

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed.

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Two sets of winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars were studied in three-year field experiments, and compared with 3 modern control cultivars. The higher spike productivity in modern cultivars could mainly be attributed to an increased number of grains in a spikelet and harvest index (HI), whereas thousand grain weight (TGW) has only a slight effect. Landraces and old cultivars proved to have a higher content of crude protein. Spike productivity characteristics, except for TGW, showed a negative correlation with the crude protein content in the grain. The number of kernels in a spikelet strongly affected the spike’s productivity, whereas the TGW has only half the effect. The mean yield of four modern cultivars was 51% higher than the mean yield of 31 landraces and obsolete cultivars. Regression analysis proved the much stronger response of modern cultivars to environment (b = 1.63), then was the response of old cultivars (b = 0.87). Different responses to environments were found within the set of 31 landraces, as well. We could also identify potentially valuable donors of earliness and winter hardiness among the old cultivars. High crude protein content (up to 18%), and other valuable quality characteristics, were rather frequent. In both sets, HMW Glu-subunits were described, and we have additionally studied 67 selected lines. Among them, 10 lines showed the crude protein content of 17.5% to 18.3% (where the gluten index and Zeleny test varied from 28.5 to 54.0 and 36.8 to 61.7, respectively). High values of all quality characteristics showed lines gained from the cultivars Mindeszentpusztai (HUN), Szekacz 19 (HUN), Bartweizen linie a (AUT), Viglašská červenoklasá (CZE), as well as some others.

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Natural and human selection for purple-grain tetraploid wheats in the Ethiopian highlands

Cited by 50 publications

References 10 publications

Earliness, spike productivity and protein content in European winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars

Earliness, spike productivity and protein content in European winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars

Agronomic characteristics of the spring forms of the wheat landraces (einkorn, emmer, spelt, intermediate bread wheat) grown in organic farming

How can wheat landraces contribute to present breeding?

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