2021
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-224655/v1
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Natural and vaccine-induced antibody and cellular responses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Abstract: Both natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 and immunization with a number of vaccines induce protective immunity. However, the ability of such immune responses to recognize and therefore protect against emerging variants is a matter of increasing importance. Such variants of concern (VOC) include isolates of lineage B1.1.7, first identified in the UK, and B1.351, first identified in South Africa. Our data confirm that VOC, particularly those with substitutions at residues 484 and 417 escape neutralization by antib… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…To answer the first question, we compared post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cell responses against ancestral vs. the variant B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 strains. Consistent with recent studies [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] , we find that vaccination-elicited T cells specific to the ancestral spike protein also recognize variant spike proteins. We further demonstrate that the phenotypic features of these cells are identical, whether they are stimulated by ancestral or variant spike proteins.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…To answer the first question, we compared post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cell responses against ancestral vs. the variant B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 strains. Consistent with recent studies [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] , we find that vaccination-elicited T cells specific to the ancestral spike protein also recognize variant spike proteins. We further demonstrate that the phenotypic features of these cells are identical, whether they are stimulated by ancestral or variant spike proteins.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Antibodies from vaccinees were 14-fold less effective against B.1.351 than against the ancestral strain, and a subset of individuals completely lacked neutralizing antibody activity against B.1.351 9 months or more after convalescence 13 . Reassuringly, early data suggest that relative to antibody responses, T cell-mediated immunity appears to be less prone to evasion by the variants [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . Among 280 CD4+ and 523 CD8+ T cell epitopes from the original SARS-CoV-2, an average of 91.5% (for CD4) and 98.1% (for CD8) mapped to regions not mutated in the B.1.1.7, B1.351, P.1, and B.1.427/B.1.429 variants.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Y144 deletion in the B.1.1.7 variant falls within Spike peptide 33-34 (129-147), but we found that this did not affect the IFN-γ response of specific CD4 + T cell clones. It has been suggested that mutations affect CD4 + T cell immunity less than neutralizing antibodies [5,24,25]. Each patient is thought to harbour T cells recognizing at least 30-40 SARS-Cov-2 epitopes, with significant variability from person to person [5].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, waning of immune responses following acute infection, or vaccination is well recognised as part of the normal evolution of memory responses, and reports describing decline in immune responses have focused on ex vivo responses that may not reflect the memory recall potential of viral specific T and B cells responses. A particular concern is the identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) (B.1.1.7 -alpha, B.1.351 -beta, P.1 -gamma and B.1.617.2 -delta), with mutations which are associated with an increase in transmissibility, severity or escape from vaccine or SARS-CoV-2-induced immunity 19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27 . Immune escape, with a failure to neutralise the VOC, in live viral assays in vitro, appear following vaccination and after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and is pronounced in the context of lower antibody titres measured against the initial pandemic strain (B/Victoria).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%