Natural and Vaccine-Related Immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae

Musher, Daniel M.; Chapman, A.; Goree, Allen; Jónsson, Steinn; Briles, David E.; Baughn, Robert E.

doi:10.1093/infdis/154.2.245

Cited by 184 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In one study of humans, no correlation was found between opsonization and antibody levels in unimmunized adults. After immunization, most sera had increased antibody titers and opsonic activity, but a lack of correlation persisted for individual sera (37). In another study, IgG2 antibodies correlated better with opsonic activity than IgG1 antibodies (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

862 Transplacental transmission of serotype-specific pneumococcal antibodies in a Brazilian population

Calvalho¹,

Sampaio²,

Solé³

et al. 1996

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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The highest incidence of severe pneumococcal infections in children occurs in the first 6 months of life; however, immunization of infants with the existing polysaccharide vaccines is ineffective. We wished to determine the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) pneumococcal antibodies in unimmunized Brazilian mothers and their transplacental transmission to term and preterm infants. Total IgG, IgG1 and -2 subclass levels, and IgG antibodies against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 6B, 9V, and 14 were determined in 15 pairs of mothers and term newborns (gestational age, >37 weeks) and in 18 pairs of mothers and preterm newborns (gestational age, 32 to 36 weeks). Serotype-specific anti-pneumococcal antibodies were detected by a recently standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay calibrated with the 89-SF reference serum. Varying percentages of the mothers had antibody concentrations below arbitrarily defined protective levels: 33% for serotype 1, 67% for serotype 3, 30% for serotype 6B, 52% for serotype 9V, and 22% for serotype 14. In term newborns, IgG1 concentrations were slightly higher than maternal concentrations; in preterm newborns, the concentrations were much lower. Concentrations of IgG2 in term and preterm infants were significantly lower than in the mothers. Transplacental transmission of antibodies to serotypes 3 and 14 was clearly different from that of antibodies to serotypes 1, 6B, and 9V. Concentrations of IgG antibodies against serotypes 3 and 14 were similar to or higher than those of the mothers; against serotypes 1, 6B, and 9V they ranged from 77 to 83% of maternal concentrations in term newborns and also in preterm infants, although transplacental transmission of antibodies was proportionally lower for each specific serotype in preterm than in term infants. These data are relevant for developing strategies to protect infants against pneumococcal infections in the first months of life. Our findings and a review of existing information stress the importance of understanding the relationships among pneumococcal immunization, IgG subclass antibodies to individual serotypes, transplacental transport, half-life, and antibody function and their protective values against infection.Pneumococcal infections cause high morbidity and mortality in children during the first 2 years of life, with the highest incidence of severe, systemic pneumococcal infections occurring in the first year of life (15,18). Immunization of infants with the existing polysaccharide vaccines, however, becomes effective only after 2 years of age.Conjugate pneumococcal vaccines containing five or seven polysaccharides have been found to be immunogenic in the first year of life in several studies (1,3,31). However, these vaccines are still experimental and the small number of serotype polysaccharides included in the vaccines may limit the coverage they offer. A 10-year study of 308 cases of meningitis in children under 2 years of age in São Paulo, Brazil (48), reveals that vaccine formula B, which includes serotypes 1, 5,...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

862 Transplacental transmission of serotype-specific pneumococcal antibodies in a Brazilian population

Calvalho¹,

Sampaio²,

Solé³

et al. 1996

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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“…Aged mice and elderly humans both are highly susceptible to infection with SPn (19)(20)(21)(22). In aged mice, T15-id ϩ Abs no longer dominate the immune response to SPn, and they produce anti-PC Abs that use H chains other than V H 1 and L chains other than V 22 (21,23,24).…”

Section: P Hosphocholine (Pc) Is the Immunodominant Epitope Foundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly reduced protection againstStreptococcus pneumoniaeafter deletion of a single heavy chain gene in mouse

Zhou

Schulze

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Phosphocholine (PC) is the immunodominant epitope found on the surface of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPn). T15-idiotype Abs, whose heavy (H) chain variable region is encoded by the V1 gene, are dominant in the anti-PC response in adult mice and protect mice from lethal pneumococcal infection. The ability of anti-PC Abs using H chains other than the V1 H chain to protect against pneumococcal infection remains controversial. We generated V1 ؊/؊ knockout mice to determine whether protective anti-PC Abs could be produced in the absence of the V1 gene. No anti-PC Abs were produced in V1 ؊/؊ mice immunized with avirulent SPn; however, PC-BSA binding Abs were induced after immunization with PC-keyhole limpet hemocyanin but at significantly lower levels than those in wild-type mice. These Abs provided poor protection against virulent SPn; thus, <25% of V1 ؊/؊ mice survived challenge with 10 4 bacteria as compared with 100% survival of V1 ؉/؉ mice. The anti-PC Abs in V1 ؊/؊ mice were heteroclitic, binding to nitrophenyl-PC better than to PC. None of nine hybridomas produced from V1 ؊/؊ mice provided passive protection. However, the V1 ؊/؊ mice produced normal amounts of Ab to SPn proteins that can partially protect mice against SPn. These data indicate that the V1 gene is critical for the production of anti-PC Abs providing optimum protection against infection with SPn, and the V1 ؊/؊ mice could be useful in unmasking epitopes other than the immunodominant PC epitope on SPn capable of providing cross protection.

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“…Since antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS) and its complement provide protection against S. pneumoniae with homologous or cross-reactive capsular serotypes [10], pnemococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PV) is effective for preventing invasive pneumococcal diseases in patients with chronic illness, such as CLD. PV is, therefore, recommended for these patients [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive effect of pneumococcal vaccine and influenza vaccine on acute exacerbation in patients with chronic lung disease

Furumoto

Ohkusa

Chen

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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To determine the clinical efficacy of combined vaccination with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PV) and influenza vaccine (IV) against pneumonia and acute exacerbation of chronic lung diseases (CLD), we conducted an open-label, randomized, controlled study among 167 adults with CLD over a 2 year period. Subjects were randomly assigned to a PV+IV group (n=87) or an IV group (n=80), respectively. The number of patients with CLD experiencing infectious acute exacerbation (P=0.022), but not pneumonia (P=0.284), was significantly lower in the PV+IV group compared with the IV group. When these subjects were divided into subgroups, an additive effect of PV with IV in preventing infectious acute exacerbation was significant only in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (P=0.037). In patients with CLD, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated a significant difference for infectious acute exacerbation (P=0.016) between the two groups. An additive effect of PV with IV on infectious acute exacerbation was found during the first year after vaccination (P=0.019), but not during the second year (P=0.342), and was associated with serotype-specific immune response in sera of these patients who used PV during the same period.

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Natural and Vaccine-Related Immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae

Cited by 184 publications

References 70 publications

862 Transplacental transmission of serotype-specific pneumococcal antibodies in a Brazilian population

862 Transplacental transmission of serotype-specific pneumococcal antibodies in a Brazilian population

Highly reduced protection againstStreptococcus pneumoniaeafter deletion of a single heavy chain gene in mouse

Additive effect of pneumococcal vaccine and influenza vaccine on acute exacerbation in patients with chronic lung disease

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