Natural antifouling compound production by microbes associated with marine macroorganisms — A review

Diversity and Bioactivity of Marine Bacteria Associated with the Sponges Candidaspongia flabellata and Rhopaloeides odorabile from the Great Barrier Reef in Australia

“…This genus has been well studied and out of the 41 species hosted by Pseudoalteromonas 16 of them were illustrated to produce antimicrobial metabolites [65]. Bacillus species from a range of marine macroorganisms have also been found to produce metabolites with antimicrobial and antifouling properties [66]. One Bacillus sp.…”

Antibiofilm and antioxidant activities of extracts of crustose coralline alga Lithophyllum sp. from the central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

“…Microorganisms have a tendency to attach on surfaces and this process on manmade objects submerged in the marine waters attains economical significance. While chemical compounds are mainly used for the control of these biofilms on commercial installations, these chemicals affect the ecosystem health (Satheesh et al, 2016). Natural products from different sources are cited as one of the promising alternatives for antifouling applications and results of this study revealed that bioactive metabolites present in CCA could be used as biofilm inhibitory compounds.…”

“…In the marine environment, both living and non-living surfaces are covered by a microbial layer commonly referred as 'biofilms' (Satheesh et al 2016). The biofilms associated with marine invertebrates and macroalgae are important for host's defence against the predators or herbivores (Satheesh et al 2016).…”

Anti-Biofouling Defence Mechanism of Basibionts (A Chemical Warfare) - A Critical Review

“…These results support the hypothesis that invertebrate metabolites are involved in the regulation of microbial and other bio-fouler distributions in the marine environment, and may act as a chemical defence aimed at controlling surface colonization. Therefore, it can now be concluded that surfaces of marine invertebrates, e.g., sponges, soft corals, are usually remarkably free of fouling organisms, supporting the assumption that this is achieved by secretion of anti-fouling compounds [71,72].…”