Natural arrangement of fiber-like aragonites and its impact on mechanical behavior of mollusk shells: A review

Ji, H.M.; Yang, Wu-Bin; Chen, D.L.; Li, X.W.

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103940

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Such a big pore ahead of the crack tip could relieve the stress concentration and can be attributed to the crack deflection ( Figure 6 c,d). Furthermore, the crossed arrangement of the fibers and rays provides additional resistance to crack propagation, which has been improved in the crossed-lamellar structure in mollusk shells [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Fracture Toughness of Softwood and Hardwood Estimated by Boundary Effect Model

Liu

2022

Materials

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The tensile strength and fracture toughness of softwood and hardwood are measured by the Boundary Effect Model (BEM). The experimental results of single-edge notched three-point bending tests indicate that the BEM is an appropriate method to estimate the fracture toughness of the present fibrous and porous woods. In softwood with alternating earlywood and latewood layers, the variation in the volume percentage of different layers in a small range has no obvious influence on the mechanical properties of the materials. In contrast, the hardwood presents much higher tensile strength and fracture toughness simultaneously due to its complicated structure with crossed arrangement of the fibers and rays and big vessels diffused in the fibers. The present research findings are expected to provide a fundamental insight into the design of high-performance bionic materials with a highly fibrous and porous structure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Fracture Toughness of Softwood and Hardwood Estimated by Boundary Effect Model

Liu

2022

Materials

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“…2011; Ji et al . 2020). The CL microstructure is also the most complex type, and its distinct four‐ordered lamellar hierarchical assembly of aragonitic crystallites has been extensively investigated by many authors since its original identification in mollusc shells (Bøggild 1930; Wilmot et al .…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2020), and their inspiration for developing new biomimetic materials (Ji et al . 2020). By contrast, investigations into the biomineralization of the ‘root’ of molluscs (i.e.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep origin of the crossed‐lamellar microstructure in early Cambrian molluscs

Skovsted

Topper

2022

Palaeontology

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Aragonitic crossed‐lamellar (CL) is one of the most commonly formed and extensively studied molluscan shell microstructures, yet its origin and early evolution within the Mollusca remains poorly understood. Here, a primitive CL microstructure from one of the oldest gastropods, Pelagiella madianensis, and the problematic hyolith Cupitheca sp. of the Cambrian Series 2 Xinji Formation on the North China Platform, was investigated. In P. madianensis, detailed characterization has revealed a typical four‐ordered hierarchical organization of aragonitic crystallites, and a thick layer of organic membranes surrounding its first‐order lamellae. A transitional fibrous microstructure was observed between the outer CL and inner foliated aragonite structural layers. In Cupitheca sp., only the first and second‐order lamellae were visible due to preservation limitations, and the first‐order lamellae were extremely irregular in shape and size, which is consistent with modern representatives. This study demonstrates that the capability to construct highly‐mineralized intricate shells was acquired in early Cambrian stem‐group gastropods. The CL microstructure first emerged in the early Cambrian and as a basal synapomorphic trait in total‐group molluscs. Moreover, presence of the CL microstructure in problematic lophotrochozoans (i.e. hyoliths) is confirmed. This study contributes to a more complete picture of the evolutionary origin and architectural diversity of biomineralized mollusc shells during the Cambrian explosion, and strengthens the phylogenetic links between hyoliths and molluscs.

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“…Ceramics have been widely used in certain harsh service environments, since they possess low density, high strength, high temperature stability, and excellent oxidation and corrosion resistances. − However, the low tolerance to damage greatly limits the scope of their applications as structural engineering materials. , In contrast, innumerable biological ceramic materials with outstanding damage-resistance are used for structural purposes in nature. − The most representative example is probably the mollusk shell, which consists of more than 90 wt % of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and a small amount of organic matrix . Owing to the combination of building blocks over multiple length scales in a complex hierarchical architecture, they exhibit excellent strength and toughness, far exceeding those of their individual constituents. , As such, mollusk shells have been extensively studied, and considered as an inspiration source of artificial structural materials. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Owing to the combination of building blocks over multiple length scales in a complex hierarchical architecture, they exhibit excellent strength and toughness, far exceeding those of their individual constituents. 10,11 As such, mollusk shells have been extensively studied, and considered as an inspiration source of artificial structural materials. 12−16 As one knows, the mechanical properties of mollusk shells have a strong relationship with their microstructures, 17−19 which mainly include nacreous, cross-lamellar, prismatic, and homogeneous structures, among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ingenious Microstructure Arrangement in Deep-Sea Nautilus Shell against the Harsh Environment

Liang

et al. 2021

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Mollusk shells generally consist of several macrolayers with different microstructures. To explore the specific role that different macro-layers play in the overall mechanical properties of shells, the microstructures, hardness distribution, and three-point bending behavior in the deep-sea Nautilus shell were investigated. It is found that the shell presents a hierarchical structure comprising three layers in thickness, that is, the outer, middle, and inner layers, which exhibit homogeneous, prismatic, and nacreous structures, respectively. Among them, the homogeneous structure in the outer layer is harder, which is beneficial for the shell to enhance resistance to wear and perforation. Furthermore, both the bending strength and fracture energy for group Up (loading from outer to inner surfaces) are far higher than those for group Down (loading from inner to outer surfaces), indicating that the inner nacreous layer is not only stronger but also tougher. Cracks tend to deflect at the interfaces in nacreous structure, and nacreous structure is thereby more resistant to breakage. Hence, the nacreous structure in the inner layer could protect the shell from breaking catastrophically in the deep sea with high pressure. In brief, the combination of a harder outside layer and a tougher inside layer provides an effective protective structure for the deep-sea shell, and the excellent environment adaptability of Nautilus shell can thus be interpreted in terms of its ingenious microstructure arrangement.

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Natural arrangement of fiber-like aragonites and its impact on mechanical behavior of mollusk shells: A review

Cited by 25 publications

References 136 publications

Study on the Fracture Toughness of Softwood and Hardwood Estimated by Boundary Effect Model

Study on the Fracture Toughness of Softwood and Hardwood Estimated by Boundary Effect Model

Deep origin of the crossed‐lamellar microstructure in early Cambrian molluscs

An Ingenious Microstructure Arrangement in Deep-Sea Nautilus Shell against the Harsh Environment

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