Natural attenuation research at the contaminated megasite Zeitz

Schirmer, Mario; Dahmke, Andreas; Dietrich, Peter; Dietze, Michael; Gödeke, Stefan; Richnow, Hans H.; Schirmer, Kristin; Weiß, Holger; Teutsch, Georg

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.12.019

Cited by 59 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The main organic contaminant at the site is benzene, which is present in concentrations up to 13 mM in two connected aquifers. The aquifers are anoxic, and sulfate is the main electron acceptor with concentrations up to 10 mM (for more information of the field site, see Schirmer et al (2006)). NA processes have been extensively studied at the site (Gö deke et al, 2006;Schirmer et al, 2006).…”

Section: Setup Of Microcosmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aquifers are anoxic, and sulfate is the main electron acceptor with concentrations up to 10 mM (for more information of the field site, see Schirmer et al (2006)). NA processes have been extensively studied at the site (Gö deke et al, 2006;Schirmer et al, 2006). In an experimental plant on the site, a column system consisting of four columns wound in series and filled with gravel granules (grain size between 2 and 3.15 mm) has been continuously percolated with groundwater from the lower aquifer at a flow rate of 0.5 l h À 1 since 2006.…”

Section: Setup Of Microcosmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aquifer system and the inhabiting microbial community have been subject of a number of previous studies (Gö deke et al, 2006;Schirmer et al, 2006;Herrmann et al, 2008). Among the widespread BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) pollutants, benzene is the most hazardous compound and is especially problematic in the Earth's saturated critical zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protein-SIP enables time-resolved analysis of the carbon flux in a sulfate-reducing, benzene-degrading microbial consortium

et al. 2012

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Benzene is a major contaminant in various environments, but the mechanisms behind its biodegradation under strictly anoxic conditions are not yet entirely clear. Here we analyzed a benzene-degrading, sulfate-reducing enrichment culture originating from a benzene-contaminated aquifer by a metagenome-based functional metaproteomic approach, using protein-based stable isotope probing (protein-SIP). The time-resolved, quantitative analysis of carbon fluxes within the community supplied with either 13 C-labeled benzene or 13 C-labeled carbonate yielded different functional groups of organisms, with their peptides showing specific time dependencies of 13 C relative isotope abundance indicating different carbon utilization. Through a detailed analysis of the mass spectrometric (MS) data, it was possible to quantify the utilization of the initial carbon source and the metabolic intermediates. The functional groups were affiliated to Clostridiales, Deltaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi. The Clostridiales-related organisms were involved in benzene degradation, putatively by fermentation, and additionally used significant amounts of carbonate as a carbon source. The other groups of organisms were found to perform diverse functions, with Deltaproteobacteria degrading fermentation products and Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi being putative scavengers feeding on dead cells. A functional classification of identified proteins supported this allocation and gave further insights into the metabolic pathways and the interactions between the community members. This example shows how protein-SIP can be applied to obtain temporal and phylogenetic information about functional interdependencies within microbial communities. The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 2291-2301; doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.68; published online 12 July 2012 Subject Category: microbial ecology and functional diversity of natural habitats

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Section: Setup Of Microcosmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Setup Of Microcosmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protein-SIP enables time-resolved analysis of the carbon flux in a sulfate-reducing, benzene-degrading microbial consortium

et al. 2012

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“…A detailed description of the hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of the contaminated aquifer is given by Fischer et al (2004), Vieth et al (2005), and Schirmer et al (2006). Briefly, BTEX exceeded concentrations of 900 mg L −1 in the source area, with benzene and toluene concentrations up to 850 and 50 mg L −1 , respectively, and ethyl benzene and xylenes concentrations typically lower than 3 mg L −1 .…”

Section: Hydrogeochemistry and Degradation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field applicability of Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) for characterization and quantification of in situ contaminant degradation in aquifers

Braeckevelt

Fischer

Kästner

2012

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Microbial processes govern the fate of organic contaminants in aquifers to a major extent. Therefore, the evaluation of in situ biodegradation is essential for the implementation of Natural Attenuation (NA) concepts in groundwater management. Laboratory degradation experiments and biogeochemical approaches are often biased and provide only indirect evidence of in situ degradation potential. Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) is at present among the most promising tools for assessment of the in situ contaminant degradation within aquifers. One- and two-dimensional (2D) CSIA provides qualitative and quantitative information on in situ contaminant transformation; it is applicable for proving in situ degradation and characterizing degradation conditions and reaction mechanisms. However, field application of CSIA is challenging due to a number of influencing factors, namely those affecting the observed isotope fractionation during biodegradation (e.g., non-isotope-fractionating rate-limiting steps, limited bioavailability), potential isotope effects caused by processes other than biodegradation (e.g., sorption, volatilization, diffusion), as well as non-isotope-fractionating physical processes such as dispersion and dilution. This mini-review aims at guiding practical users towards the sound interpretation of CSIA field data for the characterization of in situ contaminant degradation. It focuses on the relevance of various constraints and influencing factors in CSIA field applications and provides advice on when and how to account for these constraints. We first evaluate factors that can influence isotope fractionation during biodegradation, as well as potential isotope-fractionating and non-isotope-fractionating physical processes governing observed isotope fractionation in the field. Finally, the potentials of the CSIA approach for site characterization and the proper ways to account for various constraints are illustrated by means of a comprehensive CSIA field study at the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX)-contaminated site Zeitz.

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“…Traditionally, natural attenuation process has been monitored for decreases in the amounts of pollutants at the contaminated site, as the primary aspect of concerns (Imbrigiotta et al, 1997;Vandegrift et al, 1997). The secondary aspect of monitored natural attenuation is the status of the geochemical properties and examines the effect of these properties on the fate of pollutants (Haeseler et al, 1999;Schirmer et al, 2006). Both aspects focus on changes in the forms and concentrations of pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural attenuation of contaminated marine sediments from an old floating dock Part II: Changes of sediment microbial community structure and its relationship with environmental variables

Wang

Tam

2012

Science of The Total Environment

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Natural attenuation research at the contaminated megasite Zeitz

Cited by 59 publications

References 40 publications

Protein-SIP enables time-resolved analysis of the carbon flux in a sulfate-reducing, benzene-degrading microbial consortium

Protein-SIP enables time-resolved analysis of the carbon flux in a sulfate-reducing, benzene-degrading microbial consortium

Field applicability of Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) for characterization and quantification of in situ contaminant degradation in aquifers

Natural attenuation of contaminated marine sediments from an old floating dock Part II: Changes of sediment microbial community structure and its relationship with environmental variables

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