Natural Chalcones and Their Derivatives Target the Tumor Microenvironment in Colon Cancer

Abstract

Chalcones are the basic chemical structural predecessors of flavonoids and isoflavonoids, frequently available in many innately arising compounds. Chalcones and their counter parts have drawn the attention of many researchers because of their extensive pharmacological activities with therapeutic potential against various clinical conditions, especially for anticancer activity. The chalcone derivatives potentially suppress the growth of tumors through multiple mechanisms, encompassing interfering cell division, control of cell degradation, triggering cell suicide, and regulating the immune response towards cancer cells and inflammatory mediators. The benefits of chalcones are consistent that researchers develop chalcone derivatives asnovel cancer therapeutic agents. Combination therapy (chalcone derivatives with other chemotherapeutic agents) is even more effective in curing colon cancer. The preclinical findings of treating cancer cells with chalone derivatives were encouraging suggesting their potential use clinically in cancer patients. However, further investigations and a complete study of the degree of toxicity associated with chalcone derivatives are required. The current review summarizes the pharmacological and immunological properties of chalcones and their anticancer activities with their possible mechanisms of action in colon cancer.

Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activity against Colon Cancer Cells of Some Cinnamaldehyde-Based Chalcone Derivatives

“…Chalcones have gained significant attention in recent years due to their possible application in the treatment of numerous cancers, including colon cancer [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Colon cancer is among the most common malignancies worldwide, and finding effective treatments is of utmost importance [10][11][12].…”

Chain branching during the polycondensation of isophthalic aldehyde and 1,1′‐diacetylferrocene by the Claisen–Schmidt reaction

“…The combination of versatile chemical reactivity [1][2][3][4] and biological activity [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] inspires the research aimed at expanding the application of natural chalcone flavonoids, as well as the synthesis of their low-molecular and polymer alternatives. The low-molecular weight chalcones are among the available compounds and can be obtained by acid-catalyzed croton condensation or by the Claisen-Schmidt reaction (base-catalyzed croton condensation).…”