Natural, cheap and environmentally friendly binder for supercapacitors

Böckenfeld, N.; Jeong, Sangsik; Winter, Martin; Passerini, Stefano; Balducci, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.076

Cited by 104 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…38,39 The main function of the binder is to hold the electrode constituents together and to improve adhesion to the current collectors. 40 Excessive amounts of binder could increase the electrical resistance of the electrode. 33 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 28,30,33,34 and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) 27,31,32 are the most widely used binders for EDLC electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Constituent Materials on Heat Generation in Individual EDLC Electrodes

Munteshari

Lau

Ashby

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This study aims to investigate the effect of electrode composition on heat generation in electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) electrodes under galvanostatic cycling. EDLCs consist of two identical electrodes usually made of a mixture of (i) carbon-based material, (ii) binder, and (iii) other conductive additives. These constituents were found to influence the capacitance and internal resistance of the device and the heat generation rate in the positive and negative electrodes. Indeed, the heat generation rate was measured using an isothermal calorimeter in both electrodes of five EDLC devices with different electrode compositions but the same electrolyte consisting of 1 M LiPF 6 in EC:DMC. The reversible heat generation rates at the positive and negative electrodes were nearly identical in absence of CMC. However, in devices containing CMC, the reversible heat generation rate in the positive electrode was significantly larger than that in the negative electrode. Such asymmetric heating was attributed to asymmetry in the charging mechanism due to the overscreening effect caused by interactions between the anionic functional groups of CMC and the cations at the negative electrode. Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) have received significant attention in recent years for electrical energy storage applications in particular those requiring rapid charging/discharging, such as regenerative braking in electric vehicles, 1 smart grids, 2 and renewable energy harvesting systems.3-5 Indeed, EDLCs can provide higher power density, higher cycle efficiency, and longer lifetime than batteries. 4,6 EDLC devices consist typically of two carbon-based electrodes partitioned by a separator immersed in aqueous or organic electrolytes. EDLCs store electrical energy in the electrical double layer of ions forming at electrode/electrolyte interface.Heat generation in EDLC is a major concern since these devices are usually cycled under high current density resulting in excessive temperature rise.7 This, in turn, can lead to (i) accelerated cell aging, [8][9][10] (ii) increased self-discharge rates, 9,11 and possibly (iii) electrolyte decomposition and evaporation. 9,12 Heat generation in EDLCs can be classified into irreversible and reversible heat generation rates. 7,[13][14][15][16][17] Irreversible heat generation has been attributed, both theoretically and experimentally, to Joule heating. 7,9,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] It is constant throughout the EDLC cell and equal to the product of the EDLC internal resistance and the square of the imposed current. 7,[14][15][16] On the other hand, reversible heat generation rate in the entire device was theoretically and experimentally found to be exothermic during charging and endothermic during discharging.7,14-16 The time-averaged reversible heat generation over a charging step was shown to be proportional to the imposed current under galvanostatic cycling.7,14-16 Experimentally, reversible heat generation has been assumed to be identical in both the positive and negative e...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Constituent Materials on Heat Generation in Individual EDLC Electrodes

Munteshari

Lau

Ashby

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Over the last years, the cellulose and its derivatives have been intensively employed as binders of carbon-based electrodes of lithium-ion batteries as well as separators or electrolyte membranes of these devices [35][36][37][38]. Recently, the natural cellulose was also introduced as a green binder of the EDLC electrode, compatible with all kinds of electrolytes employable in EDLCs (aqueous, organic and ionic liquid electrolytes) [39][40][41]. It is worth mentioning that EDLC electrode performance depends on the type of cellulose used in the capacitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodes and hydrogel electrolytes based on cellulose: fabrication and characterization as EDLC components

Kasprzak

Stępniak

Galiński

2018

J Solid State Electrochem

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In the present work, the cellulose-based materials were manufactured and used as components of electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). The preparation method of cellulose membranes as well as composite electrodes containing cellulose as a binder was presented. These materials were prepared using for the first time ionic liquid/dimethyl sulfoxide (IL/DMSO) mixture solvent. Obtained components displayed a uniform structure, thermal stability, and good electrochemical properties. The electrochemical performances of these materials were studied in 2-electrode EDLC cells by common electrochemical techniques as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The composite electrodes were investigated in three types of electrolytes: aqueous, organic, and ionic liquids. The cellulose membranes were, however, soaked in an aqueous electrolyte and tested as hydrogel polymer electrolytes. All investigated materials show high efficiency in terms of specific capacity. The studied cellulose-based capacitors exhibited specific capacitance values in the range of 20-22 F g −1 , depending on the type of applied electrolyte.

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“…Due to the requirement for homogenous rheology and flexibility of the binding material, the thermoplastic binder PVDF-HFP has been used in AC electrodes and current collectors. To avoid using organic electrolyte the PVDF-HFP was not used in the gel electrolyte [29,30]. In this work, we provide a detailed description of the manufacture of highly flexible EDLCs using a 3D printing method, transferring honeycomb-patterned layers for EDLCs components that have been fabricated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of 3D printed flexible supercapacitors onto silicone rubber substrates

Areir

Harrison

et al. 2017

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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carbon-based materials have long been used as electrodes for EDLCs. Activated carbon (AC) is one of the most important commercial carbon materials being used as electrodes of EDLCs [2]. It is useful because of its high specific surface area, low-cost, an excellent synergy effect with additive materials and is easy to process. Recently, some attempts have been made to fabricate multiple material layers of the EDLC in one rapid and accurate deposition process [3]. Several fabrication processes have been used to fabricate flexible EDLCs and micro supercapacitors and reported in the literature including photolithography and an electrochemical deposition, a micro extrusion, coating, roll-to-roll printing, etc [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Compared to the method described here, other 3D printing methods are usually costly or not able to process all the materials necessary for making EDLCs, such as 3D selective laser melting machine [21]. 3D printing based on paste extrusion has been adopted for this study because it allows EDLCs to be fabricated in one single process including package sealing with various types of materials. In addition, EDLCs have been studied and manufactured by 3D direct-ink writing process, but the viscosity of the AC and silicone materials makes them unsuitable for this approach [22]. An important requirement of an EDLC nowadays is its ability to be highly flexible to meet the requirement for numerous applications. It is clear that some of these processes add little to the capacitance behaviour. Some need pre-treatment, e.g. the spray coating technique has a number of drawbacks like unevenness and a wide spread due to a high treatment temperature. The cost of fabrication is high and time-consuming when using the photolithography process. Limited electrode thicknesses and substrate are provided with the DVD burner process. Hence, these processes may not suit flexible EDLCs with a variety of material substrates, AC electrodes and gel electrolyte patterns and thicknesses. However, one of the major challenges of component Abstract The rapid development of flexible energy storage devices is crucial for various electronics industries. Highly flexible electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) can be manufactured by 3D printing technology. It was a great challenge to fabricate multiple material layers of the EDLC in one rapid and accurate deposition event. The fabricated structures were composed of twelve electrodes which could be configured in a number of different ways in one block module. This work aims to investigate the performance of the flexible EDLCs manufactured by 3D printing in a honeycomb pattern. The EDLC cells were fabricated using a slurry made from commercial activated carbon (AC) and a gel electrolyte deposited on a transparent silicone substrate. The flexible EDLCs structures can be used in flexible electronics with different patterns and sizes using 3D printer and can be applied to many applications such as wearable technology.

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Natural, cheap and environmentally friendly binder for supercapacitors

Cited by 104 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Constituent Materials on Heat Generation in Individual EDLC Electrodes

Effects of Constituent Materials on Heat Generation in Individual EDLC Electrodes

Electrodes and hydrogel electrolytes based on cellulose: fabrication and characterization as EDLC components

A study of 3D printed flexible supercapacitors onto silicone rubber substrates

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