Natural chimerism in colonial urochordates

Rinkevich, Baruch

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2005.02.020

Cited by 57 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…However, research outcomes also attest to the cost of chimerism, e.g. competition between cell lineages (Pancer et al 1995, Stoner et al 1999, Rinkevich 2005b. Our studies on different size spat-aggregates in Stylophora pistillata (authors' unpubl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Coral planulae as dispersion vehicles: biological properties of larvae released early and late in the season

Amar¹,

Chadwick²,

Rinkevich³

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Over the last century, considerable research has been dedicated to investigating life history traits of coral planulae. However, despite the universality of coral propagules and their deduced ecological properties, there is no clear understanding of some basic biological issues such as ecological and evolutionary forces that determine sexual reproduction and larval behavior in hermatypic corals. To further evaluate ecological trajectories in sexual reproduction of the hermatypic coral Stylophora pistillata from Eilat, Red Sea, we collected 22 900 planulae from 313 S. pistillata colonies in situ during March to July (2004July ( to 2006. Variations in reproductive effort were observed between years, but during all reproductive seasons, the larvae tended to settle ex situ in aggregates of kin (61.71% to 82.4%; 2005 values). During a 6 mo survey, the spat grew at a rate of 3.4 to 5.4 polyps mo -1 . Peaks of planula shedding were documented for April to June, suggesting a shift in reproductive seasonality compared to the preceding 2 to 3 decades. Ex situ settlement of collected larvae revealed, for the first time, settlement polymorphism of early versus late larvae throughout the reproductive season; the March settlement rate was the highest (43.7%) and June was the lowest (26.2%). A reverse trend was documented for settlement rates on the first post-planulation night, with only 2.2% settlement in March versus 46.2% in July. Early season larvae of S. pistillata are therefore capable of dispersing farther than late season propagules. These results are diametrically opposed to the 'desperate larva hypothesis,' revealing different ecological traits of early versus late season larvae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The literature lists various potential advantages for chimeric entities, e.g. enhanced survivorship due to increased body size, increased fertilization success, and reduced predation risks (Buss 1982, Rinkevich 2005b. However, research outcomes also attest to the cost of chimerism, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral planulae as dispersion vehicles: biological properties of larvae released early and late in the season

Amar¹,

Chadwick²,

Rinkevich³

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The colonies with common vascular systems (integrated colonies) represent the highest degree of colonial adaptation, allowing colony specificity and allorecognition reactions (Watanabe and Taneda, 1982;Rinkevich, 2005). Most integrated colonies in our dataset appeared in the cladograms in a single clade that grouped Botryllinae and Symplegma (plus the aggregated species Stolonica socialis in the COI and total evidence trees).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of the families Pyuridae and Styelidae (Stolidobranchiata, Ascidiacea) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences

Pérez‐Portela

Bishop

Davis

et al. 2009

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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a b s t r a c tThe Order Stolidobranchiata comprises the families Pyuridae, Styelidae and Molgulidae. Early molecular data was consistent with monophyly of the Stolidobranchiata and also the Molgulidae. Internal phylogeny and relationships between Styelidae and Pyuridae were inconclusive however. In order to clarify these points we used mitochondrial and nuclear sequences from 31 species of Styelidae and 25 of Pyuridae. Phylogenetic trees recovered the Pyuridae as a monophyletic clade, and their genera appeared as monophyletic with the exception of Pyura. The Styelidae, on the other hand, appeared as a paraphyletic group split into several clades. One of them was formed by solitary oviparous species, of which the Pyuridae were a sister group. A second clade included the colonial genera Botryllus, Botrylloides and Symplegma. The remaining colonial and solitary genera formed several poorly resolved clades. One of the more species genus, Polycarpa, was shown to be polyphyletic, and the species Styela plicata grouped into two genetically distant clades suggesting the existence of two cryptic species. The internal phylogeny of Styelidae has bearings on the origin of coloniality in this family. We suggest to abandon the traditional division of colonial forms into social and compound species and use instead the categories of aggregated colonies that do not have common vascular systems, and integrated colonies, that do possess such systems. Our molecular results indicate that there have been several independent acquisitions of coloniality in the Styelidae, and that viviparity may be a pre-adaptation for a colonial life-style.

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“…genetically composite entities (Sommerfeldt et al 2003, Rinkevich 2005. In Botryllinae (Family Styelidae) and Perophoridae, zooids within colonies are linked by common vascular systems (Bishop & Sommerfeldt 1999, Pérez-Portela et al 2009) that fuse when chimeras are formed, thereby allowing haemolymph cells from different genotypes to circulate between fusion partners (Watanabe & Taneda 1982, Koyama & Watanabe 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottlenecks and loss of genetic diversity: spatio-temporal patterns of genetic structure in an ascidian recently introduced in Europe

Pérez‐Portela¹,

Turon²,

Bishop³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We explored temporal patterns of genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of the recently introduced ascidian Perophora japonica Oka, 1927 in Europe. A fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced for 291 colonies of one population in Plymouth, UK, which was monitored for 9 yr after its initial discovery. A total of 238 colonies from 12 localities were also sequenced for population structure analyses. The temporal monitoring of the Plymouth population showed a progressive loss of genetic diversity over time attributable to a strong initial bottleneck followed by genetic drift and/or selection. Population genetic structure was consistent with the historical records of this introduction, which probably originated from oyster farming activities in France, from where the species spread to the UK and Spain. Only one population in France displayed high levels of genetic diversity, and most of the remaining populations presented very low variability. In addition, significant differentiation in terms of allele frequencies was detected between some populations. P. japonica has suffered a loss of genetic diversity in both space and time since its introduction, but this did not prevent its expansion. Accidental human transport is the most likely mechanism of spread within the introduced range. Asexual propagation modes and chimerism in this species may play an important role in introduction events. The genetic data presented here can contribute to the design of more efficient management methods for this and similar introduced species.

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Natural chimerism in colonial urochordates

Cited by 57 publications

References 77 publications

Coral planulae as dispersion vehicles: biological properties of larvae released early and late in the season

Coral planulae as dispersion vehicles: biological properties of larvae released early and late in the season

Phylogeny of the families Pyuridae and Styelidae (Stolidobranchiata, Ascidiacea) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences

Bottlenecks and loss of genetic diversity: spatio-temporal patterns of genetic structure in an ascidian recently introduced in Europe

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