Natural control of fungi and mycotoxin in grains - means of reducing human and and animal contamination

The potential of some spice essential oils in the control of A. parasiticus CFR 223 and aflatoxin production

“…This will reduce consumption of contaminated foodstuff and aflatoxins especially among the rural dwellers in Nigeria, to whom sorghum is a staple food. Consequently, this will be of tremendous help in limiting the evidence of hepartocarcinogenicity of mycotoxins in humans, a trend that has lately been reported to be alarming in Africa (Tange et al, 2000).…”

“…The result is in agreement with the work of Montes-Belmont and Carvajal (1998) who used essential oil constituents of cineole, cinnamic aldehyde and d-linalool to obtain a reduction of 11.4%, 17.4% and 0%, respectively, for contaminated maize grains. Tange et al (2000) also used a mixture containing 100 lg/g of essential oils extracted from O. gratissimum in the proportion of 1:10 and dimethlysulphoxide (9:10) to eliminate F. moniliformes in maize kernels. Other fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium species were also killed.…”

“…Basilico and Basilico (1999) also observed a complete inhibition of mycelia growth and ochratoxin A production by sweet basil at a concentration of 0.075% for 7 days, while coriander seeds showed no important effect. O. gratissimum another species of sweet basil commonly called ''effirinnla'' by the Yoruba's of south western Nigeria was found to be fungistatic in vitro on F. moniliformes at a concentration of 200 lg/g after 7 days incubation (Tange, Nguefack, Nangmo, The, & Amvam Zollo, 2000). Awuah (1966) also reported that O. gratissimum was effective in inhibiting the formation of nonsorbic acid, a precursor in aflatoxin synthesis pathway.…”

Cocoa Agronomy, Quality, Nutritional, and Health Aspects

“…Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of moulds are very significant as they can be injurious to public health (Varga et al, 2005). Mycotoxins of major importance include fumonisins by Fusarium species, aflatoxin B1 (Aspergillus flavus), and ochratoxin A from Penicillium and Aspergillus ochraceus species (Tagne et al, 2000, Tjamos et al, 2004, Varga et al, 2005. Ochratoxin A has been reported to be a dangerous, nephrotoxic, and carcinogenic mycotoxin (Vrabcheva et al, 2004).…”

Mycelia growth inhibition of some Aspergillus and Fusarium species by essential oils and their potential use as antiradical agent

“…The difference observed in activity between these essential oils can be explained by their chemical composition difference. Reports have indicated that biological activity of essential oil is depended on his chemical composition (Mirsha and Dubey 1994;Amvam et al, 1998;Tagne et al, 2000). The antifungal activity of essential oil is related mainly to its proportion in oxygenated monoterpens (OMT).…”