Natural cytotoxic activity of sipunculid leukocytes on allogenic and xenogenic erythrocytes

Boiledieu, D.; Valembois, P.

doi:10.1016/s0145-305x(77)80030-x

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In invertebrates, spontaneous killing cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a widely occurring event (Boiledieu & Valembois, 1977;Decker et al, 1981;Koyama & Watanabe, 1982;Scofield et at., 1982;Buscema & Van de Vyver, 1985;Söderhäll et al, 1985;Mukai & Shimoda, 1986), most probably involved in intraspecific or allogeneic histoincompatibility.…”

Section: Biological Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

The echinoderm lytic system

Canicattí¹

1992

Bolletino di zoologia

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Section: Biological Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

The echinoderm lytic system

Canicattí¹

1992

Bolletino di zoologia

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“…Sipunculid leukocytes exert in vitro cytotoxicity on both xenogeneic and allogeneic hemerythrocytes without previous sensitization whereas cell-free coelomic fluid has no toxic effect on incompatible cells (Boiledieu & Valembois, 1977;Valembois et al, 1980). The results were obtained with cells from Siphonostoma arcassanense and Sipunculus nudus in the xenogeneic combination, and with cells from S. nudus in the allogeneic combination of donors from remote station.…”

Section: Cytotoxicity In Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inhibition effect of EGTA, cytochalasin B, vinblastin, colchicin, and other drugs which are inhibitors of the protein synthesis, reinforced this opinion. The allogeneic cytotoxic reaction was reciprocal; therefore cells from animal A were able to destroy targets from an allogeneic animal B, and vice versa (Boiledieu & Valembois, 1977).…”

Section: Cytotoxicity In Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxic activity of invertebrate hemocytes with preliminary findings on the tunicateCiona intstinalis

Parrinello¹,

Arizza

1992

Bolletino di zoologia

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In invertebrates, cytotoxicity can be an efficient natural defence system. Lysins can be secreted in the body fluids or act at the membrane level of the effector cells. Hemocytes appear to be responsible for the cytotoxic response to foreign, broad, or specific stimuli. The mechanisms by which lysins are released and function are not yet very well characterized. The findings about cell mediated contact dependent cytotoxicity suggest that multiple mechanisms must be considered. In allo-and xenogeneic reactions the specificity of cytotoxic mechanisms have been shown, In tunicates, humoral lysins have not been observed. Cytotoxic hemocytes, responsible for allo-and xenogeneic reactions, appear to be involved in graft rejections. Some properties of tunicate hemocyte cytotoxicity have been examined in Ciona intestinalis using erythrocyte targets. The reaction is fast, calcium-dependent, behaves sigmoidally according to temperature, reaches a maximum at 37° C, and depends on membrane contact. Individual variability in lytic capacity of Ciona specimens suggests that, as in the other invertebrate species, not all the hemocytes are cytotoxic. Sphingomyelin capacity to inhibit the reaction shows functional analogies with the pore-forming hemolysins of echinoderm and polychaete species. However, it is not excluded that a hemocyte phospholipase may provoke the lysis of the target cell membrane. Thus the hypothesis is supported that a NK-like activity appears early in the evolution thus contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis, and developing immunity.

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“…Yet there is evidence describing cytotoxic reactions in five different invertebrate phyla: Sipunculoidea (Boiledieu & Valembois, 1977), Annelida, (Valembois & Boiledieu, 1979), Mollusca (Wittke & Renwrantz, 1984), Arthropoda (Tyson & Jenkin, 1974) and Echinodermata (Bertheussen, 1979). Cytotoxic cells are found in mammals and birds and are particularly well developed in fishes and amphibians (Evans & Cooper, 1990) although no work has been reported in reptiles.…”

Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of immunoevolution

Cooper

1992

Bolletino di zoologia

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Studies of immunoevolution have revealed diverse strategies within the animal kingdom. The immune system evolved to prevent the threat of extinction by microbial pathogens. Phagocytosis is the most ancient response and at other phylogenetic levels the complexity of immune responses reflects the level of species development. Whether vertebrate immunocytes evolved from invertebrate leukocytes is still questionable without firm information concerning the structural and functional properties of their receptors. Antibodies appear exclusively in vertebrates, however serological and biochemical evidence reveals members of the tg superfamily among certain invertebrates. Cytotoxic cell immunity with limited T cell receptor-major histocompatibility complex (TCR-MHC) repertoire could have developed at an early stage of invertebrate evolution. Specificity and anamnesis arc considered hallmarks of induced immune responses and there is evidence for both with respect to cellular and humoral responses in invertebrates. Cytokines, which are released by a variety of activated immune cells, exert profound effects on cells of the immune system and the host defense system in general. They seemed to have evolved early. Future research must emphasize a search for pattern recognition receptors and those receptors which are determined by rearranging gene families.

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Natural cytotoxic activity of sipunculid leukocytes on allogenic and xenogenic erythrocytes

Cited by 47 publications

References 11 publications

The echinoderm lytic system

The echinoderm lytic system

Cytotoxic activity of invertebrate hemocytes with preliminary findings on the tunicateCiona intstinalis

Overview of immunoevolution

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