Natural Dietary Polyphenolic Compounds Cause Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Rat Thoracic Aorta

Abstract

This study investigated the possible active principles which support the endothelial nitric oxide-dependent relaxation produced by red wine and other plant polyphenolic compounds in thoracic aorta from male Wistar rats (12-14 wk old). Relaxation experiments were recorded isometrically on vessels precontracted with norepinephrine. Ten different chromatographic fractions (3-18 mg) isolated from red wine polyphenolic compounds (RWPC) and some available defined polyphenols (10-15 mg) were tested. Fractions enriched into either anthocyanins or oligomeric condensed tannins exhibited endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant activity (maximal relaxation in the range of 59-77%) comparable to the original RWPC. However, polymeric condensed tannins elicited a weaker vasorelaxant activity than the original RWPC (maximal relaxation ranged between 20-47%, P < 0.01). Moreover, the representative of either phenolic acid derivatives (benzoic acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid), hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid) or the flavanol [(+)-epicatechin] classes failed to induce this type of response. Among the anthocyanins, delphinidin (maximal relaxation being 89%), but not malvidin or cyanidin, showed endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. These results show that anthocyanins and oligomeric-condensed tannins exhibited a pharmacological profile comparable to the original RWPC. These compounds may be involved in the reduction of cardiovascular mortality related to the presence of wine, fruits and vegetables in the diet.

Resveratrol Inhibits Nicotinic Stimulation-Evoked Catecholamine Release from the Adrenal Medulla

“…This result is well consistent with report that PCRW produced the endothelium-NO-dependent relaxation through an extracellular Ca 2＋ -dependent mechanism (Andriambeloson et al, 1999). Amongst the different classes of polyphenolic compounds present in PCRW, anthocyanins and oligomeric condensed tannins had the same pharmacological profile as PCRW (Andriambeloson et al, 1998). Of different anthocyanins identified in wine, only delphinidin caused endothelium-dependent relaxation, although it was slightly less potent than PCRW (Andriambeloson et al, 1998).…”

Wine polyphenols induce hypotension, and decrease cardiac reactivity and infarct size in rats: involvement of nitric oxide

“…The present study confirms that short-term administration of RWPC is adequate to produce a sufficient circulating concentration of compounds to induce a decrease in blood pressure and cardiovascular effects as in our previous report (Diebolt et al, 2001). However, the molecular identity of polyphenols responsible for the in vivo effect was still unknown, but they may include oligomeric condensed tannins and anthocyanins (Andriambeloson et al, 1998).…”

Red Wine Polyphenols Enhance Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Subsequent Nitric Oxide Release From Endothelial Cells

“…Red wine polyphenols encompass anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, monomeric flavanols, flavonols, and phenolic acids, as well as stilbene derivatives. Of these, resveratrol 15 (stilbene), delphinidin 16 (anthocyanidin), and quercetin 17 (flavonol) are suggested to mediate red wine effects. With the exception of resveratrol, none of these compounds (1 to 10 mol/L) showed any influence on eNOS.…”