Natural Distribution of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) in Oregon Soils

Liu, J.; Berry, Ralph E.

doi:10.1093/ee/24.1.159

Cited by 33 publications

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“…In all five tropical/subtropical surveys including the present one, heterorhabditids were recovered only at the coast (within 4 km of the sea in subtropical Japan). A similar association has been noted for heterorhabditids in temperate regions (Griffin et al, 1994a(Griffin et al, , 1999Liu & Berry, 1995). The reason for the association of certain entomopathogenic nematodes with coastal regions is not fully explained, but may relate either to the coastal location of sites or the sandy texture of soils, or both.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Mráček, 1980;Vänninen et al, 1989;Hominick & Briscoe, 1990;Griffin et al, 1991) and the Americas (e.g. Mráček & Webster, 1993;Liu & Berry, 1995). The occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in tropical regions is less well documented, but surveys have been conducted in Hawaii (Hara et al, 1991), Sri Lanka (Amarasinghe et al, 1994) and peninsular Malaysia (Mason et al, 1996), and a recent survey of Japan included the subtropical Nansei-Shoto islands (Yoshida et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and distribution of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis indica in Indonesia

et al. 2000

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Soil samples from 79 sites on five islands of Indonesia were baited with insects for the recovery of entomopathogenic nematodes. Heterorhabditis and Steinernema were equally prevalent, and were recovered from 11.7% of samples representing 20.3% of sites sampled. Both genera were recovered from coastal sites only. Entomopathogenic nematodes were more prevalent on the Moluccan islands of Ambon and Seram than on Java or Bali. They were not detected on Sulawesi, where non-coastal sites only were sampled. RFLP analysis was used in the identification of nematode isolates. Heterorhabditis indica was the only heterorhabditid identified. Two RFLP types of Steinernema were identified.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and distribution of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis indica in Indonesia

et al. 2000

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“…The strains sequenced in this study are listed in Table 1. Nematode isolates from Oregon were collected by Liu and Berry (16) and Poinar (20a). Bacteria were obtained indirectly from nematodes by sampling the hemocoel of Galleria rnellonella (L.) larvae within 48 h of infection by nematodes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus Species and Strains as Determined by Comparison of Partial 16S rRNA Gene Sequences

Liu

Berry

Poinar

et al. 1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Partial 16s rRNA gene sequences of 16 strains of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhubdus were determined by direct sequencing of PCR products. Aligned sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by maximumlikelihood and maximum-parsimony methods. Distance matrix and phylogenetic analysis did not separate the genera unambiguously. Taxonomic grouping of the bacteria closely paralleled taxonomic grouping of their nematode associates and their geographic origins. We found at least two well-supported taxonomic groups in PhotorhQbdus species, which suggests that the genus Photorhabdus is coevolving with the nematodes and may be polyspecific.The genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus consist almost entirely of bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes belonging to the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae (6). The bacterial symbionts are carried monoxenically in a special vesicle in the intestine in infective juveniles of species of the genus Steinernema in the Steinernematidae (4) and throughout the entire intestine and pharynx of infective juveniles of species of the genus Heterorhabditis in the Heterorhabditidae (12,23). The nematodes provide protection and transport for their bacterial symbionts. The bacterial symbionts establish and maintain suitable conditions for nematode reproduction (21,22) and provide nutrients and antimicrobial substances that inhibit the growth of a wide range of microorganisms (2, 6).Since the original description of the genus Xenorhabdus by Thomas and Poinar (30), strains of this taxon have been isolated easily from entomopathogenic nematodes around the world (3, 5). Xenorhabdus luminescens (30) has been transferred to a new genus, the genus Photorhabdus (6). The genus Xenorhabdus contains four species: Xenorhabdus nematophilus, Xenorhabdus bovienii, Xenorhabdus poinarii, and Xenorhabdus beddingii (3). The taxonomy of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus has been examined by several methods. Major studies have been based on both phenotypic (4,5,14,30) and genotypic traits (6, 11, 14, 24). Few studies have been conducted to determine intergeneric relatedness; however, the branching of genus level clusters remains unclear (24). A number of isolates have been studied in some detail but have not been named, and none of the DNA relatedness groups have been described as separate species because too few strains have been studied (6). Phylogenetic studies are generally lacking at intergeneric and generic levels, and the taxonomy of the two genera is still incomplete.Comparison of 16s rRNA gene sequences has proved to be extremely useful for determining phylogenetic relationship among eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms (32) and has been used in determining the relatedness of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus (24). Because only a few strains have been studied, the variation among strains may not be fully evaluated. In this study, the partial 16s rRNA gene sequences of 16 Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus strains were determined by direct sequencing of PCR products with an...

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“…Heterorhabditis are frequently isolated from coastal areas (e.g., Griffin et al, 1991Griffin et al, , 1994Griffin et al, , 1999Griffin et al, , 2000; * Corresponding author, e-mail: alec.n.rolston@nuim.ie Poinar, 1993;Liu & Berry, 1995) but their distribution is likely to be species-specific as H. bacteriophora, for example, occurs in silt loam soil rather than open textured soil (Hominick, 2002). Steinernema spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steinernema spp. have also been isolated from coastal regions (Amarasinghe et al, 1994;Choo et al, 1995;Griffin et al, 2000) but appear to be more frequently isolated inland (Hominick & Briscoe, 1990;Griffin et al, 1991;Hara et al, 1991;Boag et al, 1992;Choo et al, 1995;Liu & Berry, 1995;Gwynn & Richardson, 1996;Hominick et al, 1996, Hominick, 2002. Again, Steinernema distributions may be species-specific, or may be a function of sampling effort (Hominick, 2002).…”

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Distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in an Irish sand dune system

Rolston¹,

Griffin²,

Downes³

2005

Nematol

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A 100 × 800 m section of the sand dune system at North Bull Island, Dublin Bay, Ireland, was surveyed for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) by baiting soil cores with Galleria mellonella in July and August of 2001 and 2002. Two species were found: Steinernema feltiae (2.5 and 3.2% of cores) and Heterorhabditis downesi (1.9 and 3.8% of cores in 2001 and 2002, respectively). In each year, two colour variants of the G. mellonella cadavers containing H. downesi were found: purple and yellow. In both 2001 and 2002, H. downesi was most prevalent in the front 20 m of the dune system. Steinernema feltiae occurrence generally increased with distance into the dunes. In 2002, H. downesi was recovered most often in sandy paths than any other habitat surveyed but there was no habitat differentiation for S. feltiae. Human traffic may be an important factor in the distribution of both EPN and their insect hosts on Bull Island.

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Natural Distribution of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) in Oregon Soils

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Occurrence and distribution of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis indica in Indonesia

Occurrence and distribution of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis indica in Indonesia

Phylogeny of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus Species and Strains as Determined by Comparison of Partial 16S rRNA Gene Sequences

Distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in an Irish sand dune system

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