Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America

Guenther, Alex; Geron, Chris; Pierce, T.E.; Lamb, Brian; Harley, P. C.; Fall, Ray

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00465-3

Cited by 624 publications

(458 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…Some pathways are responsible for the emission of many different RCC and some RCC can be emitted by more than one pathway. The production and emission pathways of these carbon compounds are described by Kesselmeier and Staudt (1999), Fall (1999) and Guenther et al (2000) and are summarized here.…”

Section: Production and Emission Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major RCC emissions can be grouped into three categories: terpenoid compounds, other VOC, and other reactive carbon. The compounds and emission sources summarized here are described in more detail by Kesselmeier and Staudt (1999) and Guenther et al (2000).…”

Section: Reactive Carbon Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Tian et al (1998) used a terrestrial ecosystem model to estimate annual Amazonian carbon fluxes for 1980-1994. They estimated an average annual net primary production (NPP) for the entire Amazon basin of 5 Pg C and a heterotrophic respiration (R H ) of 4.8 Pg resulting in an average annual net ecosystem production (NEP) of 0.2 Pg C. The Tian et al study demonstrated that there were large interannual variations in net Amazonian carbon fluxes with NEP ranging from an emission of 0.2 Pg C to an uptake of 0.7 Pg C. The model described by Guenther et al (1995Guenther et al ( , 1999Guenther et al ( , 2000 predicts that the average annual RCC emission from Amazonian vegetation exceeds 0.2 Pg C. Using climate model predictions (NCAR CCM3) for a 14 year period, estimates of the annual total RCC flux varied between 0.18 and 0.24 Pg C. The predicted standard deviation for total RCC fluxes was about 10% of the mean. In comparison, the interannual variability presented by Tian et al (1998) for a 14 year period was about 6% for NPP and 2% for R H .…”

Section: Global Carbon Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems

2002

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Section: Production and Emission Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reactive Carbon Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Global Carbon Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems

2002

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“…Reactions with biogenically emitted monoterpenes [Guenther et al, 2000;Martinez et al, 1999;Wängberg et al, 1997a] and anthropogenic higher alkenes [Atkinson et Figure 5. Comparison of measured NO-to-NO 2 ratios with ratios calculated from Leighton PSS (equation (11), crosses), Leighton PSS including peroxy radicals (equation (13), circles), and Leighton PSS including the peroxy radicals and daytime NO 3 (equation (16), diamonds) at La Porte, Texas.…”

Section: No 3 Daytime Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observations of daytime NO₃: Implications for urban boundary layer chemistry

et al. 2003

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[1] The nitrate radical (NO 3 ) is the dominant atmospheric oxidant during the night in most environments. During the day, however, NO 3 has thus far been considered insignificant. Here we present daytime measurements of NO 3 by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy near Houston, Texas, during the Texas Air Quality Study 2000. On 3 consecutive days in August/September 2000, NO 3 reached levels from $5 ppt 3 hours before sunset to 31 ppt around sunset. Daytime NO 3 had a negligible effect on the photostationary state (PSS) between O 3 and NO x , with the exception of the last hour before sunset, when it significantly accelerated NO-to-NO 2 conversion. On August 31, chemical reactions involving NO 3 destroyed 8 (±4) ppb O x (= O 3 + NO 2 ) during the day and 27 (±6) ppb at night. NO 3 chemistry contributed 10 (±7)% to the total O x loss during the daytime, and 28% (±18%) integrated over a 24-hour period. It therefore played an important role in the O x budget. NO 3 also contributed significantly to the daytime oxidation of hydrocarbons such as monoterpenes and phenol in Houston. The observed daytime NO 3 mixing ratios can be described as a function of O 3 and NO x . Above [NO x ]/[O 3 ] ratios of 3%, daytime NO 3 becomes independent of NO x and proportional to the square of O 3 . Our calculations indicate that elevated (>1 ppt) NO 3 levels can be present whenever ozone mixing ratios exceed typical urban smog levels of 100 ppb.

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“…36,37 As many current and proposed bioenergy crops such as poplar (Populus), willow (Salix), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and Eucalyptus are significant emitters of isoprene, [38][39][40] large-scale land-use change associated with cultivation of these bioenergy crops has the potential to significantly impact regional atmospheric chemistry. 27 Recently, Ashworth et al 30 considered the air quality impacts of a global transition to biofuel crop cultivation, examining oil palm establishment in SE Asia and short rotation coppice species in North America; results from their modeling scenarios highlighted the potential negative impacts xi that widespread establishment of isoprene-emitting bioenergy crops may have on regional air pollution-regulation efforts.…”

Section: List Of Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-quality and Climatic Consequences of Bioenergy Crop Cultivation

Porter¹

2000

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Bioenergy is expected to play an increasingly significant role in the global energy budget. In addition to the use of liquid energy forms such as ethanol and biodiesel, electricity generation using processed energy crops as a partial or full coal alternative is expected to increase, requiring large-scale conversions of land for the cultivation of bioenergy feedstocks such as cane, grasses, or short rotation coppice. With land-use change identified as a major contributor to changes in the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), many of which are known contributors to the pollutants ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), careful review of crop emission profiles and local atmospheric chemistry will be necessary to mitigate any unintended air-quality consequences. In this work, the atmospheric consequences of bioenergy crop replacement are examined using both the high-resolution regional chemical transport model WRF/Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry) and the global climate model CESM (Community Earth System Model). Regional sensitivities to several representative crop types are analyzed, and the impacts of each crop on air quality and climate are compared. Overall, the high emitting crops (eucalyptus and giant reed) were found to produce climate and human health costs totaling up to 40% of the value of CO2 emissions prevented, while the related costs of the lowest-emitting crop (switchgrass) were negligible.ii Acknowledgements

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Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America

Cited by 624 publications

References 134 publications

The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems

The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems

Direct observations of daytime NO₃: Implications for urban boundary layer chemistry

Air-quality and Climatic Consequences of Bioenergy Crop Cultivation

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Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America

Cited by 624 publications

References 134 publications

The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems

The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems

Direct observations of daytime NO3: Implications for urban boundary layer chemistry

Air-quality and Climatic Consequences of Bioenergy Crop Cultivation

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Direct observations of daytime NO₃: Implications for urban boundary layer chemistry