Natural Gas Conversion

Yenjaichon, Wisarn; Fotovat, Farzam; Grace, John R.

doi:10.1002/9781119251101.ch10

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The building block of any GTL process is syngas, which comprises mostly H 2 and CO and can be produced from virtually any organic material, fossil- or renewable-based. Coal and natural gas are the most commonly consumed fossil feedstocks for producing syngas, , and as such their conversion to syngas is well understood and reviewed. , In considering possible future directions of GTL and next-generation feedstocks, this discussion will emphasize renewable bio-based feedstocks for syngas production, specifically biomass and biogas.…”

Section: Gas-to-liquids Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As highlighted in Figure , syngas can be produced using a variety of pathways depending on choice of feedstock, but these pathways typically include either (i) steam reforming, (ii) partial oxidation, (iii) autothermal reforming in the case of gas-phase feeds, or (iv) gasification in the case of liquid or solid feeds . In the case of gas-phase steam conversion, biogas and natural gas are reacted over nickel catalysts with steam normally at relatively low pressures (14–25 bar) and temperatures in the range of 800–1000 °C . During the reaction, H 2 and CO are produced in a ratio of 3:1 for each mole of CH 4 fed to the system, making steam reforming an excellent technique to produce hydrogen-rich synthesis gas.…”

Section: Gas-to-liquids Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growing the Bioeconomy through Catalysis: A Review of Recent Advancements in the Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Syngas-Derived Oxygenates

Grim

Farberow

et al. 2019

ACS Catal.

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Synthesis gas (syngas), composed primarily of H2 and CO, can be produced from fossil resources, municipal solid waste, biogas, and terrestrial biomass and can be converted into oxygenated intermediates such as alcohols and aldehydes through both catalytic and biological routes. These oxygenates serve as precursors for the downstream production of fuels and chemicals. However, since these processes all proceed through syngas regardless of the feedstock, renewable resources do not offer any inherent chemical advantage over fossil resources, and the process economics is largely dictated by (i) the spread between feedstock cost and the cost of petroleum (the dominant existing feedstock for fuel and chemical production) and (ii) the conversion efficiency, in terms of both energy and carbon, normalized by capital costs. Thus, lower-cost renewable feedstocks and improved conversion efficiencies combined with policy incentives could enable increased incorporation of biocontent into fuels and chemicals through syngas-derived oxygenates. To that end, this review assesses recent advancements in heterogeneous catalysis for the downstream conversion of syngas-derived oxygenates (i.e., methanol, ethanol/C2+ alcohols, and aldehydes) to fuels and chemicals, specifically seeking to link how these advancements improve the overall conversion efficiency. In the long term, these catalysis advancements can expand the window of market conditions over which these syngas pathways are economically viable, creating an opportunity to “piggyback” on existing and future natural gas to liquids installations by cofeeding renewable feedstocks.

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