Natural Gas Pipeline Regulation in the United States: Past, Present, and Future

Managing the Electricity-Gas Interface: Current Environment and Emerging Solutions

“…The lack of coordination in long-term planning is partly a result of regulatory structures. A demonstration of "public convenience and necessity" to FERC is required before a new natural gas pipeline can be built (Oliver and Mason 2018). This generally requires the pipeline developer demonstrate that enough customers will buy long-term firm capacity (Oliver and Mason 2018).…”

“…A demonstration of "public convenience and necessity" to FERC is required before a new natural gas pipeline can be built (Oliver and Mason 2018). This generally requires the pipeline developer demonstrate that enough customers will buy long-term firm capacity (Oliver and Mason 2018). Because natural gas generators for electricity tend to purchase interruptible contracts due to insufficient incentive to procure firm capacity, pipelines are not built to accommodate natural gas generators (ISO-NE 2018).…”

“…The Natural Gas Act of 1938 set up a very similar structure in the natural gas industry. The act established rules and rates for pipeline transportation and sales services (Oliver and Mason 2018). The Federal Power Commission oversaw regulation of prices for interstate natural gas production, transportation, and distribution (MacAvoy 2001).…”

“…Starting with the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 and ending with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 636 in 1992, the natural gas industry went through a process known as restructuring. Price controls were removed from natural gas production, and owners of transmission pipelines divested their stakes in production and distribution capital (Oliver and Mason 2018). Beginning with the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) of 1978 and taking form with FERC Orders 888 and 889 in 1996, the electricity markets began a similar restructuring process by allowing the price of electricity and some ancillary services to be determined by market forces.…”

Planning and implementation of a study of times and methods in the Packaging Logistics Center (PLC) of industrial gas - analysis and standardization of production

“…Industrial processes within organizations have a particular characteristic, namely, the constant demand for the energy required for the correct fulfillment of the processes involved in the transformation of raw materials into finished products. This type of fuel, in general, is characterized by being non-renewable, which makes it an interesting product to be considered in order to guarantee its use by future generations (Oliver & Mason, 2018). Based on this characteristic, investigations around the world are developing studies and strategies to improve the factors of effectiveness and efficiency for this type of industrial supply.…”