Natural graphite sheet heat sinks: A review of the material properties, benefits, and challenges

Cermak, Martin; Bahrami, Majid; Kenna, John

doi:10.1109/semi-therm.2018.8357353

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…6 However, the low through-plane thermal conductivity of natural graphite sheet is a disadvantage. 7 Aside from graphite, multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) and hexagonal boron nitride (BN), the well-known thermal conductive fillers, have a wide thermal conductivity range of 1950−5000 and up to 600 W/mK, respectively. 8 Highdimensional thermal conductive fillers offer a low interfacial area so that ineffectiveness of the thermal conductive fillers can be avoided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, POK can be considered as a good material for the electronic market and gear applications. , In order to improve the thermal conductivity of POK, graphite, more especially expanded graphite, which merits special interest because of its abundant availability at a relatively low cost and lightweight when compared to other carbon allotropes, can be used . However, the low through-plane thermal conductivity of natural graphite sheet is a disadvantage . Aside from graphite, multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) and hexagonal boron nitride (BN), the well-known thermal conductive fillers, have a wide thermal conductivity range of 1950–5000 and up to 600 W/mK, respectively .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Nanotube-, Boron Nitride-, and Graphite-Filled Polyketone Composites for Thermal Energy Management

Seki,

Tokgöz,

Öner

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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In order to improve the thermal conductivity of 30 wt % synthetic graphite (SG)-filled polyketones (POKs), conductive fillers such as multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and hexagonal boron nitride (BN) were used in this study. Individual and synergistic effects of CNTs and BN on 30 wt % synthetic graphite-filled POK on thermal conductivity were investigated. 1, 2, and 3 wt % CNT loading enhanced the in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivities of POK-30SG by 42, 82, and 124% and 42, 94, and 273%, respectively. 1, 2, and 3 wt % BN loadings enhanced the in-plane thermal conductivity of POK-30SG by 25, 69, and 107% and through-plane thermal conductivity of POK-30SG by 92, 135, and 325%. It was observed that while CNT shows more efficient in-plane thermal conductivity than BN, BN shows more efficient through-plane thermal conductivity. The electrical conductivity value of POK-30SG-1.5BN-1.5CNT was obtained to be 1.0 × 10–5 S/cm, the value of which is higher than that of POK-30SG-1CNT and lower than that of POK-30SG-2CNT. While BN loading led to a higher heat deflection temperature (HDT) than CNT loading, the hybrid fillers of BNT and CNT led to the highest HDT value. Moreover, BN loading led to higher flexural strength and Izod-notched impact strength values than CNT loading.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube-, Boron Nitride-, and Graphite-Filled Polyketone Composites for Thermal Energy Management

Seki,

Tokgöz,

Öner

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…The peculiar physical and chemical properties of graphite such as high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, self-lubricating, electrical and thermal conductivity (Sure et al, 2012;Hu et al, 2014;Okada et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2018) make it very promising in various scientific and technical fields, including metallurgy, electronics, national defense, and aerospace. The rapid development of high-tech and advanced material-related industries in this new millennia has propelled the increasing demand for high quality and purity graphite resources; thus, those large flake graphite showing superior performance are more appreciated (Cermak et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the collection behavior of gangue minerals in fine flake graphite flotation

Xu¹,

Qiu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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Flotation is one of the most common and effective methods for the beneficiation of natural graphite resources. However, the upgrading efficiency of flotation is always finite due to the undesirable collection of gangue minerals. In this work, the collecting mechanism of three typical gangue minerals, including mica, quartz, and feldspar, in fine flake graphite flotation was investigated. Results of batch flotation tests for single-minerals and artificial mixtures confirmed the enhanced collection of gangues in the presence of graphite particles. Contact angle and zeta potential results and theoretical calculations of the interaction between graphite and gangue particles based on typical DLVO theory indicated that it is impossible to collect gangue minerals by true flotation or through heterocoagulation with graphite particles. The fitting results of accumulated gangue recoveries and accumulated water recoveries using the Warren method demonstrated that most gangue minerals entered the concentrate through entrainment, with a small proportion by bubble inclusions.

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“…Historically, it has been used for sealing gaskets for its ability to conform to rough surfaces, withstand high temperatures, and resist corrosive fluids. Recently, NGS is used-or being considered to be used-in multiple sustainable energy technologies such as fuel cells [1][2][3], flow batteries [4,5], adsorption cooling systems [6], heat exchangers [7] and light-weight heat sinks [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression behavior of natural graphite sheet

Cermak

Bahrami

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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The compression behavior of natural graphite sheet (NGS) is studied during the forming process and during the compression of finished sheets. The forming process, in which the low-density semi-finished NGS is compressed to higher densities, is quantified by the proposed relationship p f = 0.35e 2.6d where d is the free-standing density in g cm −3 and p f is the forming pressure in MPa. The maximum achievable free-standing density is in the range 1.73-1.89 g cm −3. The compression behavior of finished NGS is non-linear, hysteretic, and density-dependent with the maximum strain of 6% at 0.55 g cm −3. The tangent compression modulus increases with the density and ranges from 20 to 220 MPa. A compact relationship for evaluating the strain at a given pressure and density is provided. NGS deforms viscously during the periods of constant pressure; the deformation is significant during the forming process but small during the compression of finished sheets. Keywords Natural graphite sheet • Flexible graphite • Compressed exfoliated natural flake graphite • Forming • Uniaxial compression • Tangent modulus • Viscoelastic behavior • Barreling List of symbols v Viscous strain d Density p Pressure p f Forming pressure t f Thickness after the forming cycle t n Thickness after the n-th cycle t v,0 Thickness at the beginning of the constant pressure period t v,end Thickness at the end of the constant pressure period * Majid Bahrami,

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Natural graphite sheet heat sinks: A review of the material properties, benefits, and challenges

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Carbon Nanotube-, Boron Nitride-, and Graphite-Filled Polyketone Composites for Thermal Energy Management

Carbon Nanotube-, Boron Nitride-, and Graphite-Filled Polyketone Composites for Thermal Energy Management

Understanding the collection behavior of gangue minerals in fine flake graphite flotation

Compression behavior of natural graphite sheet

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