Natural Grouping of Neural Responses Reveals Spatially Segregated Clusters in Prearcuate Cortex

Kiani, Roozbeh; Cueva, Christopher J.; Reppas, John B.; Peixoto, Diogo; Ryu, Stephen I.; Newsome, William T.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.014

Cited by 102 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…This result is consistent with previous work examining large-scale networks in humans (12) and populations of neurons in macaque PFC (17). Therefore, both residual and resting-state spontaneous correlations largely reflect the intrinsic organization of PFC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Traditional analyses consider spontaneous activity to be noise, but there is increasing evidence that shared spontaneous variability is a signature of functional organization (14). Analyses of spontaneous correlations have been used to identify multiple large-scale functional networks (4,5,15) and boundaries between functional areas (2,(16)(17)(18) in human and nonhuman primate association cortex. The spontaneous correlation structure also mirrors established fine-scaled principles of functional organization in visual cortex, such as preferences for retinotopic position (19) and stimulus orientation (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed representation of context by intrinsic subnetworks in prefrontal cortex

Waskom

Wagner

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Human prefrontal cortex supports goal-directed behavior by representing abstract information about task context. The organizational basis of these context representations, and of representations underlying other higher-order processes, is unknown. Here, we use multivariate decoding and analyses of spontaneous correlations to show that context representations are distributed across subnetworks within prefrontal cortex. Examining targeted prefrontal regions, we found that pairs of voxels with similar context preferences exhibited spontaneous correlations that were approximately twice as large as those between pairs with opposite context preferences. This subnetwork organization was stable across task-engaged and resting states, suggesting that abstract context representations are constrained by an intrinsic functional architecture. These results reveal a principle of fine-scaled functional organization in association cortex.fMRI | resting-state | rule | cognitive control | functional organization T he cerebral cortex exhibits functional organization at multiple spatial scales. At a coarse scale, the cortex is parcellated into functional areas (1, 2) that coordinate as networks through longrange connections (3-5). These areas represent and compute information with functional circuitry that is organized more finely. Some fine-scaled, intrinsic principles have been described in detail, particularly for sensory cortex (6, 7). In contrast, the subregional organization of prefrontal cortex (PFC), which gives rise to higherorder processes, including attention, decision-making, and goaldirected action (8, 9), remains largely uncharacterized. Whether PFC representations are encoded within an equipotential system or constrained by an intrinsic functional architecture is currently unknown.Sensory cortex can be mapped by parametrically varying stimulus attributes and measuring changes in the neural response, but complex and dynamic response properties limit the effectiveness of this approach for mapping PFC and other association regions. An alternate strategy is to leverage spontaneous variability in neural activity. Neural responses to repeated presentations of sensory stimuli, or in the absence of stimulation and explicit task demands, exhibit variability that is attributed to ongoing spontaneous activity (10-13). Traditional analyses consider spontaneous activity to be noise, but there is increasing evidence that shared spontaneous variability is a signature of functional organization (14). Analyses of spontaneous correlations have been used to identify multiple large-scale functional networks (4,5,15) and boundaries between functional areas (2, 16-18) in human and nonhuman primate association cortex. The spontaneous correlation structure also mirrors established fine-scaled principles of functional organization in visual cortex, such as preferences for retinotopic position (19) and stimulus orientation (20). We therefore leveraged spontaneous activity to examine the finescaled functional organization of human PFC.We focus...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed representation of context by intrinsic subnetworks in prefrontal cortex

Waskom

Wagner

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…While it is tempting to conclude that these error-related signals directly furnish changes of decision bound in the following trials, it is important to note that these signals are limited to the period immediately after the error and rarely overlap with the following decisions. Most likely, the effect on urgency is mediated through mechanisms that store long-term history of past behavior (e.g., Kiani et al, 2015; Tsujimoto et al, 2010). Future studies will shed light on this issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Mechanisms of Post-error Adjustments of Decision Policy in Parietal Cortex

Purcell

Kiani

2016

Neuron

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150

197

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SUMMARY Humans often slow down after mistakes (post-error slowing, PES), but the neural mechanism and adaptive role of PES remains controversial. We studied changes in the neural mechanisms of decision-making after errors in humans and monkeys that performed a motion-direction discrimination task. We found that PES is mediated by two factors: a reduction in sensitivity to sensory information and an increase in the decision bound. Both effects are implemented through dynamic changes in the decision-making process. Neuronal responses in the monkey lateral intraparietal area (LIP) revealed that bound changes are implemented by decreasing an evidence-independent urgency signal. They also revealed a reduction in the rate of evidence accumulation, reflecting reduced sensitivity. These changes in the bound and sensitivity provide a quantitative account of choices and response times. We suggest that PES reflects an adaptive increase of decision bound in anticipation of maladaptive reductions in sensitivity to incoming evidence.

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“…Importantly, the brain's network architecture during task performance is shaped primarily by the network architecture present during resting state (i.e., spontaneous neural activity), as spontaneous neural activity is likely a prior or constraint on task activity (31,32). This has been demonstrated in humans using fMRI (33)(34)(35)(36)(37), in monkeys using multielectrode recordings (38), and in zebrafish using two-photon Ca 2+ imaging (39). Thus, predictions regarding the brain's network structure-and potentially nodes' activity magnitudes-during tasks can be made based on the brain's network structure during spontaneous neural activity.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

The modular and integrative functional architecture of the human brain

Bertolero

Yeo

D’Esposito

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

535

478

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Network-based analyses of brain imaging data consistently reveal distinct modules and connector nodes with diverse global connectivity across the modules. How discrete the functions of modules are, how dependent the computational load of each module is to the other modules' processing, and what the precise role of connector nodes is for between-module communication remains underspecified. Here, we use a network model of the brain derived from resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data and investigate the modular functional architecture of the human brain by analyzing activity at different types of nodes in the network across 9,208 experiments of 77 cognitive tasks in the BrainMap database. Using an authortopic model of cognitive functions, we find a strong spatial correspondence between the cognitive functions and the network's modules, suggesting that each module performs a discrete cognitive function. Crucially, activity at local nodes within the modules does not increase in tasks that require more cognitive functions, demonstrating the autonomy of modules' functions. However, connector nodes do exhibit increased activity when more cognitive functions are engaged in a task. Moreover, connector nodes are located where brain activity is associated with many different cognitive functions. Connector nodes potentially play a role in betweenmodule communication that maintains the modular function of the brain. Together, these findings provide a network account of the brain's modular yet integrated implementation of cognitive functions. modularity | hubs | cognition | graph theory | network

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Natural Grouping of Neural Responses Reveals Spatially Segregated Clusters in Prearcuate Cortex

Cited by 102 publications

References 90 publications

Distributed representation of context by intrinsic subnetworks in prefrontal cortex

Distributed representation of context by intrinsic subnetworks in prefrontal cortex

Neural Mechanisms of Post-error Adjustments of Decision Policy in Parietal Cortex

The modular and integrative functional architecture of the human brain

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