Natural Hazards in a Changing World: A Case for Ecosystem-Based Management

Nel, Jeanne; Maitre, David C. Le; Nel, Deon; Reyers, Belinda; Archibald, Sally; Wilgen, Brian W. van; Forsyth, Greg G.; Theron, A.K.; O’Farrell, Patrick J.; Kahinda, Jean‐Marc Mwenge; Engelbrecht, François; Kapangaziwiri, Evison; Niekerk, Lara Van; Barwell, Laurie

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095942

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Land cover is also used in applications of ecosystem accounting, conservation, forest and water management, natural hazard prevention and mitigation, monitoring of agricultural policies and economic land use modeling [3][4][5][6][7]. Consequently, many global land cover maps have been produced over the last three decades, initially at a coarse resolution of 8 km [8] to medium resolutions of 300 m to 1 km [9][10][11] and more recently at a 30 m Landsat resolution [12,13], facilitated by the opening up of the Landsat archive [14] and Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LACO-Wiki: A New Online Land Cover Validation Tool Demonstrated Using GlobeLand30 for Kenya

et al. 2017

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Accuracy assessment, also referred to as validation, is a key process in the workflow of developing a land cover map. To make this process open and transparent, we have developed a new online tool called LACO-Wiki, which encapsulates this process into a set of four simple steps including uploading a land cover map, creating a sample from the map, interpreting the sample with very high resolution satellite imagery and generating a report with accuracy measures. The aim of this paper is to present the main features of this new tool followed by an example of how it can be used for accuracy assessment of a land cover map. For the purpose of illustration, we have chosen GlobeLand30 for Kenya. Two different samples were interpreted by three individuals: one sample was provided by the GlobeLand30 team as part of their international efforts in validating GlobeLand30 with GEO (Group on Earth Observation) member states while a second sample was generated using LACO-Wiki. Using satellite imagery from Google Maps, Bing and Google Earth, the results show overall accuracies between 53% to 61%, which is lower than the global accuracy assessment of GlobeLand30 but may be reasonable given the complex landscapes found in Kenya. Statistical models were then fit to the data to determine what factors affect the agreement between the three interpreters such as the land cover class, the presence of very high resolution satellite imagery and the age of the image in relation to the baseline year for GlobeLand30 (2010). The results showed that all factors had a significant effect on the agreement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LACO-Wiki: A New Online Land Cover Validation Tool Demonstrated Using GlobeLand30 for Kenya

et al. 2017

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“…Changes in intensity are extracted from ref. 56 and reflected for synthesis purposes as a percentage of the baseline scenario intensity using a logarithmic scale. Impacts of a future climate scenario (56) are also depicted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our tailoring and testing of the approach, we developed a baseline scenario of current or natural ecosystem conditions, and two scenarios to examine moderate and severe drivers of change to ecosystem features of relevance for regulating services (Table S1). For comparative purposes, scenarios of future climate change were also used (based on the A2 Special Report on Emissions Scenarios scenario of enhanced anthropogenic forcing) (56).…”

Section: Knowledge Coproduction Using Socialecological Systems and Scmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Navigating complexity through knowledge coproduction: Mainstreaming ecosystem services into disaster risk reduction

Reyers

Nel

O’Farrell

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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153

145

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Achieving the policy and practice shifts needed to secure ecosystem services is hampered by the inherent complexities of ecosystem services and their management. Methods for the participatory production and exchange of knowledge offer an avenue to navigate this complexity together with the beneficiaries and managers of ecosystem services. We develop and apply a knowledge coproduction approach based on social-ecological systems research and assess its utility in generating shared knowledge and action for ecosystem services. The approach was piloted in South Africa across four case studies aimed at reducing the risk of disasters associated with floods, wildfires, storm waves, and droughts. Different configurations of stakeholders (knowledge brokers, assessment teams, implementers, and bridging agents) were involved in collaboratively designing each study, generating and exchanging knowledge, and planning for implementation. The approach proved useful in the development of shared knowledge on the sizable contribution of ecosystem services to disaster risk reduction. This knowledge was used by stakeholders to design and implement several actions to enhance ecosystem services, including new investments in ecosystem restoration, institutional changes in the private and public sector, and innovative partnerships of science, practice, and policy. By bringing together multiple disciplines, sectors, and stakeholders to jointly produce the knowledge needed to understand and manage a complex system, knowledge coproduction approaches offer an effective avenue for the improved integration of ecosystem services into decision making.natural hazards | regulating services | resilience | participatory research | boundary work

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“…Some tools have been developed to incorporate species-species interaction and ecosystem context into species distribution modeling (e.g., joint species distribution models in Pollock et al 2014) and fisheries management (e.g., ecosystem models in Essington & Plagányi 2013) as show in Table 6.3. Ecosystem-based approaches including ecological, environmental, and socio-economic dimensions can provide a more holistic view for natural resource management and conservation (Nel et al 2014;Plagányi et al 2014).…”

Section: Choosing Appropriate Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserving migratory species under human impacts and climate change

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Migratory species use multiple habitats types and ecosystems to complete their life cycles, which exposes them to multiple human-caused stressors along their migratory routes. Overexploitation, habitat degradation, invasive species and connectivity loss have contributed to the decrease of migratory fishes globally in particular diadromous fishes that migrate between marine and freshwater systems. Therefore, understanding the joint impacts from anthropogenic disturbances and climate change on different habitats (e.g., both feeding and spawning grounds) and habitat connectivity (e.g., migration routes) is important for conserving migratory fish.Management will be most effective when management scales match ecological scales. This is particularly important for conserving migratory species, because of the requirement of multiple connected habitats that may cross local management boundaries. The main goals of this Ph.D. thesis are to quantify the impacts of multiple stressors on migratory fish species and prioritize management actions for conserving populations (chapters 2 & 3), species (chapter 4), and communities (chapter 5).A central challenge for managing diadromous fishes (species that migrate between freshwater and saltwater ecosystems) is to quantify increases in population persistence from actions that improve connectivity or reduce fishing mortality. In chapter 2, I used a population dynamic model and fish movement data to predict the interactive impacts of fishing pressure and connectivity loss by human modification of river flows on Australian bass Percalates novemaculeata. Then, in chapter 3, the monetary cost of management actions which included seasonal closures and restoring connectivity, were included in the model to find the most cost-effective way to conserve this fish population. The results reveal that the cost-effectiveness of management actions may vary with river flow and fishing pressure before implementing management actions, and implementation times. The spatiotemporal dynamics of how fish species and key resource users (i.e., anglers) respond to management actions can influence the effectiveness of management strategies. Flexible management plans and increased cooperation between water and fishery managers can be used to achieve the most effective balance between conserving migratory fish populations and minimising cost.Migratory species are particularly vulnerable to climate change as they occupy different ecosystems, as well as transitional habitat which are all impacted by climate change differently.Anthropogenic barriers can further reduce the ability of species to respond to a shifting climate. In ii chapter 4, I assessed the impact of climate change on the distribution of a migratory fish species, Australian grayling Prototroctes maraena, and how it affected priorities for restoring connectivity. I found climate change moves at different rates in marine and freshwater systems, decoupling the habitats used by grayling. In addition, the changing spatial distribution of suitable ...

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Natural Hazards in a Changing World: A Case for Ecosystem-Based Management

Cited by 65 publications

References 57 publications

LACO-Wiki: A New Online Land Cover Validation Tool Demonstrated Using GlobeLand30 for Kenya

LACO-Wiki: A New Online Land Cover Validation Tool Demonstrated Using GlobeLand30 for Kenya

Navigating complexity through knowledge coproduction: Mainstreaming ecosystem services into disaster risk reduction

Conserving migratory species under human impacts and climate change

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